The peculiar effect of water on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents

Ma, Chunyan; Laaksonen, Aatto; Liu, Chang; Lü, Xiaohua; Ji, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1039/c8cs00325d

Cited by 357 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 282 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…In general, the addition of water to an ionic liquid can be divided into different steps, as elaborated by Ma et al [44]. This scheme is illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Appl Sci 2019 9 X For Peer Review 4 Of 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Force Spectroscopy on Ionic Liquids

2019

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Ionic liquids have become of significant relevance in chemistry, as they can serve as environmentally-friendly solvents, electrolytes, and lubricants with bespoke properties. In particular for electrochemical applications, an understanding of the interface structure between the ionic liquid and an electrified interface is needed to model and optimize the reactions taking place on the solid surface. As with ionic liquids, the interplay between electrostatic forces and steric effects leads to an intrinsic heterogeneity, as the structure of the ionic liquid above an electrified interface cannot be described by the classical electrical double layer model. Instead, a layered solvation layer is present with a structure that depends on the material combination of the ionic liquid and substrate. In order to experimentally monitor this structure, atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) has become the method of choice. By measuring the force acting on a sharp microfabricated tip while approaching the surface in an ionic liquid, it has become possible to map the solvation layers with sub-nanometer resolution. In this review, we provide an overview of the AFS studies on ionic liquids published in recent years that illustrate how the interface is formed and how it can be modified by applying electrical potential or by adding impurities and solvents.

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“…In general, the addition of water to an ionic liquid can be divided into different steps, as elaborated by Ma et al [44]. This scheme is illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Appl Sci 2019 9 X For Peer Review 4 Of 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Force Spectroscopy on Ionic Liquids

2019

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“…The triethoxysilane group at the terminal of SIMIL can hydrolyze with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or TEOS and magnetite in the presence of ammonia to produce an Si-IL and Fe 3 O 4 -Si-IL hybrid. Ammonia was selected to hydrolyze SIMIL due to it increasing its solubility as an aprotic IL under alkaline conditions more than acidic conditions [34]. The presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface of magnetite [32] facilitates its linking with silica colloids during the hydrolysis of SIMIL under basic conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Magnetic Silica-Ionic Liquid Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2019

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In this work, new imidazolium silica-ionic liquids doped with magnetite nanocomposites are prepared for use in the field of water purification owing to their unique properties, which can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. A silane precursor based on aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) condensed with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and glyoxal in an acetic acid solution is used to prepare disiloxyimidazolium ionic liquid (SIMIL). The silica composite (Si-IL) and silica-coated magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 -Si-IL) composites are prepared using the sol-gel technique. The chemical structures, morphologies, crystalline lattice structures, thermal stabilities, surface charges, surface areas, particle sizes, and magnetic characteristics of Fe 3 O 4 -Si-IL and Si-IL are investigated. The Fe 3 O 4 -Si-IL and Si-IL nanocomposites show excellent chemical adsorption capacities as 653 and 472 mg g −1 , respectively, during times ranging 90 to 110 min when they are used as adsorbents to remove Congo red (CR) dye as a water pollutant.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 71 2 of 19 and integrate the merits of functional nanoparticles and vary the solid hosts of the large sizes of materials [8][9][10]. Although magnetic nanocomposites have achieved excellent results with adsorption and reuse for different cycles in the field of water treatment, some research challenges exist for their application to remove some pollutants such as toxic radioactive metals and organic and agricultural pollutants [9].The concept of a synergistic combination of two nanoparticles into a larger one has become one of the proposed synthetic techniques used to design advanced nano-adsorbents for water treatments [11][12][13][14]. Most of these materials are based on mesoporous silica-based adsorbents [15][16][17]. The large pore sizes, high specific area, good thermal and chemical stability, low manufacture cost, and excellent selectivity towards specific pollutants elect the ordered mesoporous silica composites as excellent adsorbents for water purification and treatment [17][18][19]. Highly dispersed and magnetic silica nanoparticles with large-scale chemical or sonochemical synthesis methods have been reported [20][21][22][23][24][25].With the large amount of literature available for the production of magnetic silica nanoparticles and with research still being published, perhaps some of the biggest challenges to overcome regard the production of greener selective magnetic silica nano-adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants; these are still a problem facing researchers. Organic cationic and anionic salts based on imidazolium, pyridinium, and quaternary ammonium cations which have been designated as ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as greener extraction solvents for seawater desalination and industrial water and activated sludge treatments [26][27][28][29]. Poly (ionic liquid) (PIL) nanoparticles are used as flocculants for water purification [28], and hydrophobic PILs have been used for the selective separation of methylene blue (MB) dye and chromium ions from water [3...

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“…Despite the fact that water may indeed play the role of PSIA in regular SD processes, it is also worth discussing certain peculiarities of DES/H 2 O binary mixtures. 60 Most of the DES components are soluble in water or at least, they belong to the group of H-bond-forming molecules, so it is commonly assumed that, in a highly diluted regime, DESs should be entirely miscible in the aqueous phase while, in a less diluted regime, water should be entirely miscible in the DES phase. This is at least what the homogeneity at the macroscopic scale of DES/H 2 O binary mixtures suggests (Fig.…”

Section: Study Of Aqueous Dilutions Of Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%