The pectin content as a measure of the retting and rettability of flax

Meijer, W.J.M.; Vertregt, N.; Rutgers, B.; Waart, M. van de

doi:10.1016/0926-6690(95)00041-0

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The magnitude of the error can be estimated by approximating the cross sectional shape of the fibres to be elliptical with dimensions of the minor and major axes a and b, respectively. Then, the true cross sectional area is (1) Then, at the point of maximum applied force, P, the true tensile strength, is (2) Assuming (incorrectly) that the fibre has a circular cross section, and by measuring the fibre width, the crosssectional area may be calculated wrongly. In the two most extreme cases, the cross sectional area can be estimated from the minor axis, a, and the major axis, b, respectively.…”

Section: Cross Sectional Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural fibres are renewable resources that are used in a wide range of industrial applications such as textiles and increasingly in polymer composites, as an alternative to synthetic fibres. Flax fibres (Linum usitatissimum) are widely studied plant-based natural fibres for use as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the typical large variability in the measured mechanical properties of flax fibres, they are often employed only in low graded composite applications. The present work aims to investigate the reasons for the variability in tensile properties of flax fibres. It is found that the inaccuracy in the determination of the cross sectional area of the fibres is one major reason for the variability in properties. By applying the typical circular fibre area assumption, a considerable error is introduced into the calculated mechanical properties. Experimental data, together with a simple analytical model, are presented to show that the error is increased when the aspect ratio of the fibre cross sectional shape is increased. The variability in properties due to the flax fibres themselves is found to originate from the distribution of defects along the fibres. Two distinctive types of stress-strain behaviour (linear and nonlinear) of the fibres are found to be correlated with the amount of defects. The linear stress-strain curves tend to show higher tensile strength, higher Young's modulus, and lower strain to failure than the nonlinear curves. Finally, the fibres are found to fracture by a complex microscale failure mechanism. Large fracture zones are governed by both surface and internal defects; and these cause cracks to propagate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Revision of manuscript submitted to Journal of Materials ScienceReference Number JMSC22209 "Strength Variability of Single Flax Fibres" by Aslan et al. Dear EditorThe authors would like to thank the two referees for their constructive comments. The authors have now carefully considered each of the referees' reports which are shown in italic and have taken them into account as described below. Reviewer #1 This is a well-written paper which presents important results with clarity. It complements two papers I have recently seen in refereeing:(1) We have modified the fibre information accordingly at page 3, line 9-13. (1) Thomason et al on 'fibre cross section determination and variability in sisal and flax and its effect on fibre performance characterization' (Composites Science and Technology CSTE-D-11- Response to Reviewer Comments (3) Reference 8 should be Virk AS, Hall W, Summerscales J (not Amandeep, Wayne and Summerscales).This has been changed. (4)There are a few phrases which would benefit from sub-editing by a native English speaker.The manuscript has been corrected by a native English speaker, resulting in a number of grammatical corrections. Reviewer #2 This is a useful contribution to this subject area. There is little doubt that there are issues surrounding the variability in fibre properties and this study is a useful contribution to the debate.(1) It is for this reason that studies of textile fibres use the linear density method of measurement rather than relying upon the dubious notion of a regular (and circular) cross section. This needs to be mentioned in the text.The authors believe that the linear density method whi...

show abstract

Section: Cross Sectional Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chrysolaminarin measurement was carried out by the method of Beattie et al [8] and the method of Meijer et al [12] was used to measure pectin.…”

Section: E Neutral Lipid Chrysolaminarin and Pectin Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Plant Growth Substances on Biomass and Lipid Production in Diatoms

Ju¹,

Ding²,

Li³

et al. 2013

IJESD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The effects of plant growth stimulating substances like naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), Gibberellic acid 3 (GA 3 ) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), or plant growth inhibiting substances like abscisic Acid (ABA) and [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] (CCC), or their combinations, on biomass and lipid production in Pinnularia gibba var. linearis and Chaetoceros gracilis were studied. When applied at day 1 (stage I), treatments with NAA, GA 3 and 6-BA or their combinations enhanced biomass production but reduced lipid contents. The total lipids, however, were higher in these treatments than that in the control. 6-BA was more effective in stimulating total lipid production. No difference was found among the treatments with NAA, GA 3 or their combination. Adding NAA or GA 3 to 6-BA did not enhance biomass or lipid production compared with 6-BA alone. When applied at day 4 (stage II), growth stimulating substances increased biomass production compared with the control but did not affect total lipid production. Less biomass was obtained when the treatments were applied at day 4 compared with that applied at day 1. Treatments with growth inhibitors like ABA, CCC or ABA + CCC at day 1 reduced biomass production and total lipids, although lipid contents were increased by the treatments. When treated with ABA, CCC and ABA + CCC at day 4 , however, they did not reduce biomass production while increased lipid contents and total lipids. Index Terms-Plant growth regulator biomass lipids micro algae diatoms.

show abstract

“…However, the factor responsible for fibre strength is not entirely clear. Thus, in the study of Meijer et al (1995) the strength of unretted flax fibres varied between 30 and 40 cN/tex, while that of water retted fibres was higher and that of field retted fibres lower. Furthermore, Mäkinen (1998) reported highest strength of linseed fibres for unretted and field retted stems and lowest values for fibres derived from water or enzyme retting.…”

Section: A G R I C U L T U R a L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E I N F I mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was observed in linseed experiments carried out in 1998 at Jokioinen, when, as a result of a wet and long growing time, the fibre bundles in the stems became grey and loosened from the stems before seed maturity. According to Meijer et al (1995) and Easson and Molloy (1996), over-retting of fibres causes weakening of the fibres. If flax remains unretted, however, as probably most often is the case for linseed stems at seed harvest, the flax fibres that are obtained are coarse owing to the inadequate separation of fibres from the surrounding parenchyma and from the bundles (Meijer et al 1995).…”

Section: Sankari Hs Bast Fibre Content Fibre Yield and Fibre Qualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bast fibre content, fibre yield and fibre quality of different linseed genotypes

Sankari¹

2000

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown for seed does not compete well with flax in fibre yield, but as a by-product of seed production its stems could be used in non-woven products. With the aim of discovering suitable linseed genotypes to be cultivated for dual-purpose use in Finland, Finnish linseed cv. Helmi was compared with ten other linseed genotypes and one flax cultivar for stem yield, bast fibre content in stem, stem length and diameter and bast fibre yield. In addition, breaking tenacity and elongation at break of the fibres were determined. The experiments were carried out in 1996-1997 at the Agricultural Research Centre (MTT) in Jokioinen, Finland (latitude 60°49'N). Bast fibre content in stem averaged 16.9% and breeding line Bor 18 had significantly higher bast fibre content than cv. Helmi. Bast fibre yield averaged 301 kg dry matter ha -1 . Compared with cv. Helmi, breeding lines Bor 15 and Bor 18 and cvs. Flanders and Gold Merchant produced significantly higher fibre yield. The median for breaking tenacity varied among the genotypes between 41 and 67 cN/tex and the median for elongation at break between 3.5 and 6.8%. Finnish breeding line Bor 18 is recommended for cultivation as dual-purpose linseed in Finland.

show abstract

The pectin content as a measure of the retting and rettability of flax

Cited by 68 publications

References 15 publications

Strength variability of single flax fibres

Strength variability of single flax fibres

Effects of Plant Growth Substances on Biomass and Lipid Production in Diatoms

Bast fibre content, fibre yield and fibre quality of different linseed genotypes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About