2011
DOI: 10.1128/ec.00227-10
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Abstract: Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. P. brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that causes human paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). For vesicle preparations, cell-free supernatant fluids from yeast cells cultivated in Ham's def… Show more

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Cited by 153 publications
(162 citation statements)
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“…Recently, the cho1⌬/⌬ mutant was shown to display more ␤(1-3)-glucan on its surface, promoting proinflammatory cytokine secretion from macrophage but without a change in antimicrobial activity (33). The differential stimulatory effects of cells and their EVs suggest that C. albicans EVs do not contain cell wall particles, unlike EVs from the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (34).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, the cho1⌬/⌬ mutant was shown to display more ␤(1-3)-glucan on its surface, promoting proinflammatory cytokine secretion from macrophage but without a change in antimicrobial activity (33). The differential stimulatory effects of cells and their EVs suggest that C. albicans EVs do not contain cell wall particles, unlike EVs from the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (34).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from culture supernatants as described in a number of studies by sequential centrifugation steps (8,9,11,13,14,35). Briefly, the cells and debris were removed from culture fluids by centrifugation at 5,000 and 15,000 ϫ g (15 min, 4°C).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Remarkably, most of the molecules trafficked by fungi to the extracellular milieu lack secretion signals (5-7). Extracellular fungal molecules include numerous proteins (8)(9)(10)(11) but also pigments (12) and polysaccharides (13,14). It is now well accepted that these molecules are at least partially exported to the outer space in EVs (15).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most thoroughly studied in Gram-negative bacteria, the functions of these vesicles ranges from disposal of waste products and misfolded proteins to secretion of quorum-sensing signals to delivery of virulence-associated molecules (2). In the fungal kingdom, extracellular vesicles were first described in Cryptococcus neoformans and have subsequently been discovered in a variety of basidio-and ascomycetes (3)(4)(5). Recently, extracellular vesicles have also been described in Gram-positive bacteria (6).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%