The Pap Test and Bethesda 2014

Abstract

The history of ‘The Bethesda System' for reporting cervical cytology goes back almost 3 decades. This terminology and the process that created it have had a profound impact on the practice of cervical cytology for laboratorians and clinicians alike. The Bethesda conferences and their ensuing output have also set the stage for standardization of terminology across multiple organ systems, including both cytology and histology, have initiated significant research in the biology and cost-effective management for human papillomavirus-associated anogenital lesions, and, finally, have fostered worldwide unification of clinical management for these lesions. Herein, we summarize the process and rationale by which updates were made to the terminology in 2014 and outline the contents of the new, third edition of the Bethesda atlas and corresponding website.

Conventional Microscopical versus Digital Whole-Slide Imaging-Based Diagnosis of Thin-Layer Cervical Specimens: A Validation Study

“…The cohorts of this study were composed as follows: in two groups of cervical cytology cases, selected in a different way, the natural distribution of the Bethesda classification[25] obtained by the routine CLM examination was determined. The first group consisted of 5 sets of 1000 cases that were selected at random and the second group consisted of 5 sets of 1000 cases chosen as consecutive submissions.…”

Regular condom use tends to decrease cervical lesions in resident-commercial sex workers in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…We conducted a cross-sectional study using questionnaires as the data gathering tool, liquidbased cytology for cervical lesion screening, and microscopy (7) for examination of slides. The study lasted from January 2016 to September 2017.…”

“…Details of the data and sample collection, smear preparation [using the Cytospin (IEC 61010 Thermo Scientific Cytospin 4, GMI, Inc. USA)], sample processing and staining methods in the present study have been documented. (5,9) Examination of slides were conducted blindly according to Nayar and Wilbur, (7) by more than two consultant pathologists during routine slides reading.…”

Aspergillus and Cervicovaginal Papanicolaou Smear: A Review

“…No other fungus including Aspergillus has been mentioned because of their rarity. 5 Apart from Candida albicans, fungal pathology is rarely seen in cervicovaginal smears. Most reported cases of cervicovaginal smears with opportunistic fungus include Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mucor with very few cases of Aspergillus spp.…”

“…4 However, it also provides information about some non-neoplastic lesions including infections of lower genital tract. 5 In recent times, Aspergillus has been found to colonize vagina and is increasingly being identified in cervicovaginal smear. [6][7][8][9] Aspergillus: a brief history Aspergillus received its name from Micheli in 1729.…”