The Oxidative Metabolism of α-Chlorohydrin in the Male Rat and the Formation of Spermatocoeles

Jones, A. R.; Milton, D. H.; Murcott, Carole

doi:10.3109/00498257809061257

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…a-Chlorohydrin (3-chloropropan-1,2-diol) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane are metabolized by the rat ultimately to oxalate, and thereby produce phases of diuresis (Jones et al 1978, Jones et al 1979. a-Chlorohydrin (3-chloropropan-1,2-diol) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane are metabolized by the rat ultimately to oxalate, and thereby produce phases of diuresis (Jones et al 1978, Jones et al 1979.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diuretic experiments were carried out as previously described (Jones et al 1978), the glucose content of the diuretic urines being assayed b y the method of Krebs et al (1963). For each experiment pairs of rats were housed in all-glass metabolic cages (Jencons Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, UK) with free access to water and pellet food (Allied Foods, Rhodes, NSW, Australia).…”

Section: Animals and Administration Of Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of oxalic acid in the Wistar rat

1981

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1. An established procedure for determining oxalate in human urine has been modified for rat urine. The daily excretion of oxalate by the male Wistar rat is 570-650 microgram. 2. Oxalate excretion in rat urine following i.p. administration of [14C]oxalic acid (1-70 mg/kg) has been studied. The rate and degree of excretion are dose-dependent. 3. The excretion of urinary oxalate by the rat has been quantified after administration of two oxalate-producing xenobiotics, alpha-chlorohydrin and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. 4. Oxalate inhibits the metabolism of glucose and lactate by isolated rat kidney tubules in vitro.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Administration Of Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of oxalic acid in the Wistar rat

1981

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“…78 While oxalic acid as the direct cause of spermatocoeles has not been proven conclusively, "[e]vidence so far indicates that oxalic acid, as calcium oxalate, can be implicated in their formation only if it is produced as a metabolite over an appreciable period of time so that renal toxicity is avoid-ed." Oxalic acid may cause the formation of spermatocoeles, or sperm-retention cysts, in the efferent ducts and caput epididymis, which can block the passage of sperm to the epididymis, producing prolonged or even permanent infertility.…”

Section: A Oralmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Comparative Mammalian Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol

LaKind¹,

McKenna

Hubner

et al. 1999

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

104

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The purpose of this article is to review and interpret the scientific literature on the mammalian toxicity of ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG), with the goal of comparing the toxicity of the two chemicals. This type of review may serve as the basis for risk management decision-making. Because EG is not a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) chemical, its uses are restricted when compared with PG; thus, certain routes of exposure are not relevant here for toxicological comparison (e.g., subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous). Therefore, this review is focused on the oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure. However, where toxicological data derived from an alternative route of exposure serve to eludicate mechanisms of toxicity, data from these routes are considered. Based on the review provided herein, the following conclusions can be drawn. From the standpoint of lethality, acute effects, and reproductive, developmental, and kidney toxicity, the toxicity of EG exceeds that of PG. Further, localized dermal effects from EG and PG are both mild, with data suggesting that PG may have a skin contact sensitization potential. Finally, PG exposure in laboratory animals has been associated with reversible hematological changes; no data were located for EG from which to draw a toxicological comparison.

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“…act. 240/LCi/mmole) was prepared according to Jones et al (1978), and (R)-[3-36 Cl]-rx-chlorohydrin (sp. act.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Fructolysis in Boar Spermatozoa by the Male Antifertility Agent (S)-a-Chlorohydrin

Stevenson¹,

Jones²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The (S)-isomer of the male antifertility agent IX-chlorohydrin strongly inhibited the oxidative metabolism of fructose by boar spermatozoa in vitro. The result of this action, which has been deduced to be an inhibition of glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, caused an accumulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and the triosephosphates, and a decrease in substrate-level phosphorylation with a concomitant lowering of the energy charge potential of the spermatozoa. The (R)-isomer of IX-chlorohydrin had no inhibitory activity on fructolysis.A study of the comparative metabolism of (R)-[3-36CI]-IX-chlorohydrin and (R,S)-[3-36Cl]_IX_ chlorohydrin by boar spermatozoa showed that it is the (S)-isomer that specifically undergoes a process of oxidative metabolism to (R)-3-chlorolactaldehyde.It is proposed that this endogenous oxidation product, which has the same absolute configuration as the substrate for glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, is the active metabolite of (S)-IX-chlorohydrin that inhibits this enzyme. Exogenous (R,S)-3-chlorolactaIdehyde inhibited the oxidative metabolism of fructose by boar spermatozoa, apparently by a mechanism similar to that of (S)-IX-chlorohydrin.

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The Oxidative Metabolism of α-Chlorohydrin in the Male Rat and the Formation of Spermatocoeles

Cited by 60 publications

References 33 publications

The fate of oxalic acid in the Wistar rat

The fate of oxalic acid in the Wistar rat

A Review of the Comparative Mammalian Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol

Inhibition of Fructolysis in Boar Spermatozoa by the Male Antifertility Agent (S)-a-Chlorohydrin

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