The overlooked toxicity of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) induced by anthracene transformation to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Zhu, Lei; Wang, Zhibin; Zhou, Jianqin; Wu, Xintong; Yang, Kangjie; Ni, Zheng; Liu, Ze; Jia, Hanzhong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158571

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…fetida were determined by using the assay kit according to the manual of the manufacturer . The histopathological estimations were observed using a light microscope (BX63, Olympus, Japan), following methods of paraffin embedding sectioning as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining . The heavy metal contents of earthworms and soils were analyzed using FAAS.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), ROS, glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), metallothionein (MT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in E. fetida were determined by using the assay kit according to the manual of the manufacturer. 31 The histopathological estimations were observed using a light microscope (BX63, Olympus, Japan), following methods of paraffin embedding sectioning as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining. 31 The heavy metal contents of earthworms and soils were analyzed using FAAS.…”

Section: Preparation Of Photoaged Twpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 The histopathological estimations were observed using a light microscope (BX63, Olympus, Japan), following methods of paraffin embedding sectioning as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining. 31 The heavy metal contents of earthworms and soils were analyzed using FAAS. The concentration of ROS, including H 2 O 2 , • OH, and O 2…”

Section: Preparation Of Photoaged Twpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoaged Tire Wear Particles Leading to the Oxidative Damage on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) by Disrupting the Antioxidant Defense System: The Definitive Role of Environmental Free Radicals

Chen,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Tire wear particles (TWPs) have caused increasing concerns due to their detrimental effects on the soil ecosystem. However, the role of weathering in altering the toxicity of TWP to soil organisms is poorly understood. In this study, the toxicity of original and photoaged TWP was compared using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as soil model organisms. The obtained results indicated that photoaging of TWP resulted in an increase of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) from 3.69 × 10 17 to 5.20 × 10 17 spin/g. Meanwhile, photoaged TWP induced the changes of toxic endpoint in E. fetide, i.e., the increase of the weight loss and death ratio from 0.0425 to 0.0756 g/worm and 23.3 to 50% compared to original TWP under a 10% concentration, respectively. Analyses of transcriptomics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathology demonstrated that the enhanced toxicity was mainly due to oxidative damage, which was induced by disruption in the antioxidant defense system. Free-radical quenching and correlation analysis further suggested that the excessive production of ex vivo reactive oxygen species, induced by EPFRs, led to the exhaustion of the antioxidant defense system. Overall, this work provides new insights into the potential hazard of the weathered TWP in a soil environment and has significant implications for the recycling and proper disposal of spent tire particles.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Photoaged Twpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Photoaged Twpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoaged Tire Wear Particles Leading to the Oxidative Damage on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) by Disrupting the Antioxidant Defense System: The Definitive Role of Environmental Free Radicals

Chen,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…PM newly emitted from incomplete solid fuel burning is known to be a great contributor to atmospheric EPFRs. − The concentrations of EPFRs in PM from residential/open sources were reported to be greater than those from typical industrial sources. , The excessive generation of organic contaminants during solid fuel burning, − including phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, serves as a precursor for EPFRs. − The decay of EPFRs within PMs alters their chemical structures, influencing their reactivity and toxicity . However, there is limited information on the modifications in decay patterns and the consequential shifts in the reactivity and toxicity of EPFRs emitted from solid fuel burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Cheng,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adverse health effects. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the dynamic changes in reactivity and toxicity during the decay process of EPFRs emitted from incomplete solid fuel burning, which are identified as a primary source of EPFRs. Here, we report the decay behavior of EPFRs in particulate matter (PM) emitted from typical solid fuel burning and the associated ROS generation and cytotoxic effects. The EPFRs in freshly produced PM first undergo rapid exponential decay with lifetimes ranging from 15 to 97 h and are categorized as fast-decay EPFRs. The relative content of fast-decay EPFRs was 40.5 ± 15.3%, while the remaining portion, defined as slow-decay EPFRs, displayed an extremely slow rate of decay. ROS generation and cytotoxicity decreased by 38.8 ± 11.4% and 62.5 ± 12.6%, respectively, following the depletion of fast-decay EPFRs, which were further demonstrated to be responsible for the variations in PM reactivity and toxicity. These new findings underscore the importance of considering the decay process of EPFRs in assessments of PM toxicity.

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Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals and their risks for human health: a review

Wang,

Liu,

Xue

et al. 2024

Environ Chem Lett

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The overlooked toxicity of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) induced by anthracene transformation to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

Photoaged Tire Wear Particles Leading to the Oxidative Damage on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) by Disrupting the Antioxidant Defense System: The Definitive Role of Environmental Free Radicals

Photoaged Tire Wear Particles Leading to the Oxidative Damage on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) by Disrupting the Antioxidant Defense System: The Definitive Role of Environmental Free Radicals

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals and their risks for human health: a review

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