The Orthopedic Aspects of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A practical clinical approach to diagnosis

“…Cardiovascular anomalies may include septal defects and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries (Dupuis et al, 1978;Steeg and Woolf, 1979), while renal complications include pyelonephritis, painless hematuria, hydronephrosis and uni-or bilateral hypoplasia (Qazi et al, 1980;Steinhausen et al, 1982). In addition to associated renal and cardiovascular anomalies, orthopedic abnormalities such as radioulnar synostosis, camptodactyly of the fingers, brachydactyly and clinodactyly of the toes and fifth fingers have also been reported (Speigel et al, 1979).…”

Postnatal Handling Does Not Attenuate Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Hyperresponsiveness After Prenatal Ethanol Exposure

“…ities (Qazi et al, 1979;Shaywitz et al, 1980;Spiegel et al, 1979;Steeg and Woolf, 1979;Streissguth, 1986). Animal models of prenatal ethanol exposure have reported findings similar to those in human FAS such as retarded pre-and postnatal growth and development, physical malformations, and behavioral and physiological abnormalities (Abel and Dintcheff, 1979;Chernoff, 1977).…”

Postnatal Handling Does Not Attenuate Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Hyperresponsiveness After Prenatal Ethanol Exposure

“…ities (Qazi et al, 1979;Shaywitz et al, 1980;Spiegel et al, 1979;Steeg and Woolf, 1979;Streissguth, 1986). Animal models of prenatal ethanol exposure have reported findings similar to those in human FAS such as retarded pre-and postnatal growth and development, physical malformations, and behavioral and physiological abnormalities (Abel and Dintcheff, 1979;Chernoff, 1977).…”