The origin and differentiation of microglial cells during development

Cuadros, Miguel A.; Navascués, Julio

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00035-5

Cited by 269 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…However, a 20-fold increase of CD11b 1 F4/80 1 microglia cell numbers can be observed during the early postnatal periods (P0-P11) in rodents (Alliot et al, 1999). It is still unclear whether this increase is due to proliferation of embryonic microglial precursors, a phenomenon that could frequently be observed in the developing brain (Cuadros and Navascues, 1998;Mander and Morris, 1996) or whether a new recruitment of monocyte-derived microglial precursors occurs. The latter hypothesis is supported by the fact that the absence of microglia in mice deficient for the transcription factor PU.1 can be rescued by the injection of wild-type bone marrow into newborns, leading to a complete repopulation of the CNS by donor-derived microglia (Beers et al, 2006).…”

Section: One Side Of the Coin: Embryonic Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia in the CNS: Immigrants from another world

Prinz

Mildner

2010

Glia

207

159

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Microglia are immunocompetent cells of the brain that continuously survey their environment with highly motile extensions. Although first described almost a century ago, the developmental origin of microglia is still debated. Besides early myeolomonocytic cell populations that colonize the developing neuroectoderm already during embryogenesis, newly migrated myeloid cells are considered important disease modulators in the adult brain. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of myeloid cell recruitment from the periphery and their development into bone marrow-derived phagocytes in the adult brain is pivotal for manipulating immune cell entry into the CNS and potentially reducing disease burden. A major question is whether bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes have similar features and fates as their endogenous counterparts. Significant advances in our understanding of microglia biology under physiological as well as under pathological conditions have been made in the last few years, especially by combining novel gene-targeting techniques that allow cell manipulation and trafficking analysis. These new aspects will be discussed in the present review. V V C

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Section: One Side Of the Coin: Embryonic Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia in the CNS: Immigrants from another world

Prinz

Mildner

2010

Glia

207

159

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“…Microglial cells are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, and they progressively enter the nervous system during development (Cuadros and Navascues, 1998). Nondifferentiated microglial cells thus label with typical macrophage markers, such as lectins (Acarin et al, 1994;Andjelkovic et al, 1998) or different phagocyte antibodies (Kullberg et al, 2001;Choi et al, 2004;Herber et al, 2006).…”

Section: Cathepsin B and D Expression In Macrophages And Microglial Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage and microglia ontogeny in the mouse visual system can be traced by the expression of Cathepsins B and D

Bejarano-Escobar

Holguín-Arévalo

Montero

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Here, we show a detailed chronotopographical analysis of cathepsin B and D expression during development of the mouse visual system. Both proteases were detected in large rounded/ameboid cells usually located in close relationship with prominent sites of extensive physiological cell death. In concordance with their morphological features and topographical distribution, we demonstrate that expressing cells corresponded with macrophages and microglial precursors. We found that as microglial precursors differentiated the expression of both cathepsins was down-regulated. Of interest, cathepsin B and D transcripts were never observed in degenerating cells. Our findings point to a role for cathepsin D and B in cell debris degradation after apoptotic processes rather than promoting cell death, as proposed for other developmental models. Additionally their pattern of expression suggests a role in the maturation of the microglial precursors.

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“…Med., 2008, 215 (1), 43-54. © 2008 Microglia are considered resident immune cells of myeloid origin, that take up residence in the central nervous system (CNS) during embryogenesis (Cuadros and Navascues 1998). They are regarded as CNS macrophages, and many studies gave evidence that immune reaction and inflammation related with microglia play essential roles in the pathological mechanism of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, and so on (Rogers et al 1988;Raine 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%