The Organization of Piriform Cortex and the Lateral Olfactory Tract Following the Loss of Mitral Cells in PCD Mice

Bartolomei, Juan C.; Greer, Charles A.

doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6947

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although our transplantation process strongly reduces the production of adult-born neurons, previous experiments have shown that ablation of adult neurogenesis using irradiation do not impair fine odor discrimination and detection (Lazarini et al, 2009). MC degeneration takes place during adulthood in PCD mice (Greer and Shepherd, 1982;Greer and Halász, 1987;Bartolomei and Greer, 1998), limiting possible compensatory mechanisms of this model in comparison with traditional transgenic animals. Because of their differential morphology, axonal projections to the olfactory cortex, and odor responses, MCs and tufted cells are thought to support different channels of olfactory information (Mori and Sakano, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Animals carrying the pcd mutation experience a dramatic loss of Purkinje neurons early in postnatal development, leading to severe cerebellar ataxia (Mullen et al, 1976;Wang and Morgan, 2007). In the adult OB, mutant mice progressively loose mitral cells (MC) but not the other population of output neurons called tufted cells (Greer and Shepherd, 1982;Greer and Halász, 1987;Bartolomei and Greer, 1998;Recio et al, 2007). Although the impact of selective degeneration of bulbar relay neurons has been extensively described at a morphological level (Greer and Shepherd, 1982;Greer and Halász, 1987;Bartolomei and Greer, 1998), little is known about the olfactory capacity of these animals lacking MCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the adult OB, mutant mice progressively loose mitral cells (MC) but not the other population of output neurons called tufted cells (Greer and Shepherd, 1982;Greer and Halász, 1987;Bartolomei and Greer, 1998;Recio et al, 2007). Although the impact of selective degeneration of bulbar relay neurons has been extensively described at a morphological level (Greer and Shepherd, 1982;Greer and Halász, 1987;Bartolomei and Greer, 1998), little is known about the olfactory capacity of these animals lacking MCs. Moreover, morphological and electrophysiological characterization of MC and tufted cell populations suggest that both output neurons convey different aspects of odor information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Díaz

Lepousez²,

Gheusi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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Bone marrow contains heterogeneous cell types including end-lineage cells, committed tissue progenitors, and multipotent stem/progenitor cells. The immense plasticity of bone marrow cells allows them to populate diverse tissues such as the encephalon, and give rise to a variety of cell types. This unique plasticity makes bone marrow-derived cells good candidates for cell therapy aiming at restoring impaired brain circuits. In the present study, bone marrow cells were transplanted into P20 mice that exhibit selective olfactory degeneration in adulthood between P60 and P150. These animals, the so-called Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mutant mice, suffer from a progressive and specific loss of a subpopulation of principal neurons of the olfactory bulb, the mitral cells (MCs), sparing the other principal neurons, the tufted cells. As such, PCD mice constitute an interesting model to evaluate the specific role of MCs in olfaction and to test the restorative function of transplanted bone marrow-derived cells. Using precision olfactometry, we revealed that mutant mice lacking MCs exhibited a deficit in odorant detection and discrimination. Remarkably, the transplantation of wild-type bone marrowderived cells into irradiated PCD mutant mice generated a large population of microglial cells in the olfactory bulb and reduced the degenerative process. The alleviation of MC loss in transplanted mice was accompanied by functional recovery witnessed by significantly improved olfactory detection and enhanced odor discrimination. Together, these data suggest that: (1) bone marrow-derived cells represent an effective neuroprotective tool to restore degenerative brain circuits, and (2) MCs are necessary to encode odor concentration and odor identity in the mouse olfactory bulb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Díaz

Lepousez²,

Gheusi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Moreover, the number of cells in the OB is normal in the embryo and young adult PCD mice. 62 However, the thickness of the LOT in the postnatal animals does become significantly reduced after the loss of mitral cells.…”

Section: Mutual Influences Between Oe and Obmentioning

confidence: 99%

The olfactory bulb as an independent developmental domain

López‐Mascaraque

Castro

2002

Cell Death Differ

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The olfactory system is a good model to study the mechanisms underlying guidance of growing axons to their appropriate targets. The formation of the olfactory bulb involves differentiation of several populations of cells and the initiation of the central projections, all under the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression. Moreover, the nature of interactions between the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex at early developmental stages is currently of great interest. To explore these questions more fully, the present review aims to correlate recent data from different developmental studies, to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in the specification and development of the olfactory system. From our studies in the pax6 mutant mice (Sey Neu /Sey Neu ), it was concluded that the initial establishment of the olfactory bulb central projections is able to proceed independently of the olfactory sensory axons from the olfactory epithelium. The challenge that now remains is to consider the validity of the olfactory bulb as an independent development domain. In the course of evaluating these ideas, we will review the orchestra of molecular cues involved in the formation of the projection from the OB to the olfactory cortex.

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“…From a neurological perspective, although the olfactory system has received perhaps less clinical attention than other sensory systems, it has served as an excellent and innovative model for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms of axonal growth, synaptic specificity, and regeneration (11,57,72,131,132). The olfactory system exhibits continual turnover of primary afferent neurons and their projections into the brain throughout life.…”

Section: Olfactory Ensheathing Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Bridging the Gap in Spinal Cord Injury

2000

Self Cite

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) continues to be an insidious and challenging problem for scientists and clinicians. Recent neuroscientific advances have changed the pessimistic notion that axons are not capable of significant extension after transection. The challenges of recovering from SCI have been broadly divided into four areas: 1) cell survival; 2) axon regeneration (growth); 3) correct targeting by growing axons; and 4) establishment of correct and functional synaptic appositions. After acute SCI, there seems to be a therapeutic window of opportunity within which the devastating consequences of the secondary injury can be ameliorated. This is supported by several observations in which apoptotic glial cells have been identified up to 1 week after acute SCI. Moreover, autopsy studies have identified anatomically preserved but unmyelinated axons that could potentially subserve normal physiological properties. These observations suggest that therapeutic strategies after SCI can be directed into two broad modalities: 1) prevention or amelioration of the secondary injury, and 2) restorative or regenerative interventions. Intraspinal transplants have been used after SCI as a means for restoring the severed neuraxis. Fetal cell transplants and, more recently, progenitor cells have been used to restore intraspinal circuitry or to serve as relay for damaged axons. In an attempt to remyelinate anatomically preserved but physiologically disrupted axons, newer therapeutic interventions have incorporated the transplantation of myelinating cells, such as Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory ensheathing cells. Of these cells, the olfactory ensheathing cells have become a more favorable candidate for extensive remyelination and axonal regeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cells are found along the full length of the olfactory nerve, from the basal lamina of the epithelium to the olfactory bulb, crossing the peripheral nervous system-central nervous system junction. In vitro, these cells promote robust axonal growth, in part through cell adhesion molecules and possibly by secretion of neurotrophic growth factors that support axonal elongation and extension. In animal models of SCI, transplantation of ensheathing cells supports axonal remyelination and extensive migration throughout the length of the spinal cord. Although the specific properties of these cells that govern enhanced axon regeneration remain to be elucidated, it seems certain that they will contribute to the establishment of new horizons in SCI research.

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The Organization of Piriform Cortex and the Lateral Olfactory Tract Following the Loss of Mitral Cells in PCD Mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

The olfactory bulb as an independent developmental domain

Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Bridging the Gap in Spinal Cord Injury

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