The organisation of spatial and temporal relations in memory

Rondina, Renante; Curtiss, Kaitlin; Meltzer, Jed A.; Barense, Morgan D.; Ryan, Jennifer D.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2016.1182553

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Differences in the ability to verbally code spatial and temporal information may explain why the findings of the present research seem inconsistent with the findings from Rondina and colleagues [ 33 ] who examined the relations between temporal and spatial features using a short-term memory paradigm. Adults were presented with triplets of non-nameable objects at different locations on a computer screen and after a 2 second delay, were presented with the triplets such that the spatial and temporal relations between the objects were the same (i.e., same spatial configuration between the objects, and same temporal order), or were manipulated (i.e., spatial relations were manipulated, temporal relations were manipulated, or both the spatial and temporal relations were manipulated).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…First, evidence of an influence of the mental timeline in long-term memory for events would add to the literature on the relation between space and time in the mind [ 32 ]. Second, evidence of different developmental trajectories for spatial and temporal memory, and/or different influences of the spatiotemporal mental timeline on memory for spatial location and temporal order would impact our understanding of the organization of spatial and temporal components of the episodic memory system [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space and time in episodic memory: Effects of linearity and directionality on memory for spatial location and temporal order in children and adults

2018

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Episodic memory is a critical capacity that involves remembering past events along with their spatial and temporal contexts. Relatively little is known about the relations between spatial and temporal information in long-term memory in children or adults. The present research examined the influence of the mental timeline (linear horizontal display extending from the left to right direction for English speakers) on memory for events and their spatial and temporal features in 7-year-olds, 9-year-olds, 11-year-olds and young adults (N = 146). During encoding, participants studied triplets of objects, varying on two dimensions of the mental timeline: linearity (whether objects were presented in linear succession or not) and direction (whether objects were presented from left-to-right or right-to-left). After a delay, during retrieval, participants were tested on their memory for individual objects, and either the spatial location or temporal order of the objects. We found that overall accuracy for spatial location was higher than accuracy for temporal order, and there was a parallel developmental trajectory for both these aspects of memory. Across age groups we found that memory for temporal order, but not spatial location, was influenced by linearity and direction (i.e., match to mental timeline). Thus, in both children and adults the spatiotemporal mental timeline supported memory for temporal order, converging with predictions generated within domains of language and thought and enhancing our understanding of how space and time are represented in the mind.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space and time in episodic memory: Effects of linearity and directionality on memory for spatial location and temporal order in children and adults

2018

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“…The hippocampus and the broader MTL mediate the formation of lasting memory representations for items, as well as their relative spatial locations and temporal orderings, which can then provide the guidance to the oculomotor system regarding precise localization of where to look and in what order . Multiple regions across occipital, frontal, and parietal lobes showed observable responses following hippocampal/MTL stimulation, suggesting that there is not one single region that may provide, or contribute to, the transformation of information.…”

Section: Network Connectivity and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications

Ryan

Shen

Liu

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Decades of cognitive neuroscience research has shown that where we look is intimately connected to what we remember. In this article, we review findings from human and nonhuman animals, using behavioral, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and computational modeling methods, to show that the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems interact in a reciprocal manner, on a moment‐to‐moment basis, mediated by a vast structural and functional network. Visual exploration serves to efficiently gather information from the environment for the purpose of creating new memories, updating existing memories, and reconstructing the rich, vivid details from memory. Conversely, memory increases the efficiency of visual exploration. We call for models of oculomotor control to consider the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the cognitive control of eye movements, and for models of hippocampal and broader medial temporal lobe function to consider the influence of the oculomotor system on the development and expression of memory. We describe eye movement–based applications for the detection of neurodegeneration and delivery of therapeutic interventions for mental health disorders for which the hippocampus is implicated and memory dysfunctions are at the forefront.

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“…In the literature, eye movements have been strongly implicated in memory encoding and retrieval; for example, limiting the number of fixations appears to be detrimental for both, when compared to free-viewing conditions (Henderson et al 2005;Johansson and Johansson 2014). Moreover, altered fixation patterns in older adults have been proposed to be functionally linked to memory deficits (Chan et al 2011;Hannula et al 2007;Olsen et al 2015;Ryan et al 2000;Rondina et al 2017;Shih et al 2012;Voss et al 2011). Consistently, we found that gaze direction distributions differed significantly between young and old observers during both the exploration and the probe trials (although we did not find any difference in the sheer number of fixations made; results not shown).…”

Section: On Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-movements as a signature of age-related differences in global planning strategies for spatial navigation

Tartaglia¹,

Boucly²,

Tatur³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The ability to efficiently find alternatives routes when faced with unexpected obstacles along our path is among the most compelling evidence of the flexibility of human behaviour. Although a plethora of plausible computations have been put forward to elucidate how the brain accomplishes efficient goal-oriented navigation, the mechanisms that guide an effective re-planning when facing obstructions are still largely undetermined. There is a fair consensus in postulating that possible alternatives routes are internally replayed sampling from past experiences, however, there is currently no account of the criterion according to which those memories are replayed. Here, we posit that paths, which are expected to be more rewarding are replayed more often and that eye movements are the explicit manifestation of this re-planning strategy. In other words, the visual sampling statistics reflects the retrieval of available routes on a mental representation of the environment. To test our hypothesis, we measured the ability of both young and old human subjects to solve a virtual version of the Tolman maze, while we recorded their eye movements. We used reinforcement learning (RL) to corroborate that eye movements statistics was crucially subtending the decision making process involved in re-planning and that the incorporation of this additional information to the algorithm was necessary to reproduce the behavioral performance of both screened populations.

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The organisation of spatial and temporal relations in memory

Cited by 19 publications

References 64 publications

Space and time in episodic memory: Effects of linearity and directionality on memory for spatial location and temporal order in children and adults

Space and time in episodic memory: Effects of linearity and directionality on memory for spatial location and temporal order in children and adults

The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications

Eye-movements as a signature of age-related differences in global planning strategies for spatial navigation

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