The Operators’ System of Instruments: A Risk Management Tool

Munoz, Grégory; Vidal-­Gomel, Christine; Bourmaud, Gaëtan

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45704-7_9

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a fi rst work [15], we made the analysis of the system of instruments in the industrie of preventionists.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections for re-in-root: Case sudies

Munoz¹

2020

Glob J Ecol

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Introduction: An uprooted civilization Faced with the questions that beset us in the current crises, it seems interesting to resort to part of the work of Simone Weil, who writes about an uprooted civilization. Her work is a call to rise up against injustice and oppression, and as such appears as a source of questioning in terms of authenticity. Simone Weil [1909-1943], a philosopher, professor of philosophy, a factory worker to experience the conditions of the factory, and a farm worker at the end of her life, offers a fruitful thought, some elements of which we present from three of her works, focusing on her notion of rootedness, which can be used by our civilization, which in many respects can be described as uprooted, to refl ect on ways to re-root. Rootedness Weil [1] denounces systems of oppression, especially in the working-class labor. In her work The Working Condition (1936), she takes a stand for workers, after having experienced life in her body, bruised by the pace of the production line. She castigates Taylorism, which is established as a rationality that claims to be scientifi c, but which imposes oppression on workers [2]. Its idea is to maintain that if work opposes man to the necessities of the world, by a founding opposition, on the other hand, he does not have to suffer the oppression of others, as is the case during war, or also in factory work, where temporality is imposed both by the pace of the production chain, but also by the service of methods dictating the duration and modalities of each work operation. One of these aspects is outlined by Weil in his book The Roots: Preludes to a Declaration of Duties to Man [3], composed at the end of the war. Simone Weil, who was given the mission "to help France regain a genuine aspiration" (1936, p. 251), seeks to understand the means of curbing the uprooting of human beings in the postwar period. In summary, after having, in the fi rst part, revealed the vital needs of the soul (relating to order, freedom, obedience, etc.), it explores in the second part, the mysteries of uprooting, by examining the uprooting of the peasant and then the worker, comparing their work temporalities: "the peasant's work obeys by necessity this rhythm of the world; the worker's work, by its very nature, is to a large extent independent of it, but it could imitate it. It is the opposite that happens in factories. Uniformity and variety are also mixed in them, but this mixture is the opposite of that provided by the sun and the stars; the sun and the stars fi ll the time in advance with frames made up of a limited and ordered variety in regular returns, frames designed to house an infi nite variety of absolutely unpredictable and partially unordered events; on the contrary, the future of the one who works in a factory is empty because of the impossibility of predicting, and deader than the past because of the identity of the moments that follow one another like the ticking of a

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“…In a fi rst work [15], we made the analysis of the system of instruments in the industrie of preventionists.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections for re-in-root: Case sudies

Munoz¹

2020

Glob J Ecol

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“…Amalberti (2013) calls this third phase the phase of routinization or expertise reduction. Studies conducted in industry show how experiencing risk is a means of developing competences in the long term (Munoz et al , 2015; Valot, 2001). It enables operators to develop both technical competences and meta-knowledge.…”

Section: Risk Experience and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking risks to improve safety? Workplace learning in anesthesia

Cuvelier

2019

JWL

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PurposePrevious results show that the anesthetists’ activity during the planning phase is aimed at neither identifying risks nor pinpointing the adverse events likely to occur; rather, it is to devise “manageable situations” that are adapted to their own competences. The present paper focuses on the issue of understanding how, in practice, these “manageable situations” are constructed. In particular it wonders if a link between the seniority of anesthetists and the way they design these “manageable situations” may be established.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sought to answer these questions through a qualitative study conducted in partnership with anesthetists. The method, combining interviews and case-based simulation, required that 20 anesthetists “thought aloud”.FindingsResults show that the anesthetists sometimes selected a solution that they themselves and experts viewed as riskier. Why? And who selects a riskier solution? The answer is about workplace learning and the continuous development of experience-based competences. “Manageable situations” appear to be planned situations so as to propose solutions adapted not only to present competences but also for future competences to be developed. In that sense, they are part of a developmental process at work.Originality/valueThese findings have implications for practice and they open pathways for further research studies. They call for rethinking the link between experience and workplace learning.

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“…More specifically, with experience the prescriptive artifacts and their usages are integrated into real instrument systems, a sort of "toolbox" constituted of redundancy and complementarity relations of the functions used to manage risks (Munoz et al, 2015). These systems must be understood in their relation, on the one hand, to the classes of situations, and on the other hand, to the pragmatic concepts, which are involved in the understanding of the situation and direct the effective action (Vidal-Gomel, 2007).…”

Section: What Form Of Training Should Be Given In Occupational Risk Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, when the rule is truly designed as an operative principle making it possible to manage risk and when it is consistent with the situations the operator must handle, it can integrate both theoretical knowledge on the risk and its prevention (scientific and technical knowledge) and knowledge acquired in the past, with reference to lessons learned after an incident or accident. As artifacts, safety rules capitalize historical and social acquisition (Léontiev, 1978), which the subject can more or less adopt by developing an instrument from all or part of this artifact (Vidal-Gomel, 2007;Munoz et al, 2015).…”

Section: What Form Of Training Should Be Given In Occupational Risk Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They judge their effectiveness and their relevance (Hale, 1990;Leplat, 1998;Terssac, 1992); a judgment that is necessary because to work is "to be actively engaged, especially in the verification of the domain of validity of the formal rule" (Terssac, 1992, p. 145). The implementation of a safety rule results from a process of conceptualization of the properties of the rule and an understanding of the situation, and represents only one of the safety means available to operators (Vidal-Gomel, 2007;Munoz, Vidal-Gomel & Bourmaud, 2015). On the other hand, safety requirements cannot control the activity because they cannot fully respond to the diversity, variability and unpredictability of situations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Training to safety rules use. Some reflections on a case study

Vidal-Gomel

2017

Safety Science

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International audienceThis article proposes to consider training in occupational risk prevention as situated at the crossroads between regulated safety (based on prescribed safety rules and procedures)-and managed safety (based on operators' knowledge and experience). A case study in the field of ready-mixed concrete delivery to worksites is presented. It demonstrates the redefinitions of a safety rule within companies, giving it little operational value for operators, and the resources that they have built with experience. These resources are also shown to be limited. Indeed, not everything can be learned through in situ experience and peer mediation. Thus, the " professional knowledge of reference " needs to be identified in order to design training content that combines the "regulated safety" and "managed safety" that are necessary to produce safe working conditions. This approach to training design, based on the analysis of activity in situ, represents a shift away from the technical-regulatory and behavioral approach that still dominates the field of training in occupational risk prevention

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The Operators’ System of Instruments: A Risk Management Tool

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Reflections for re-in-root: Case sudies

Reflections for re-in-root: Case sudies

Taking risks to improve safety? Workplace learning in anesthesia

Training to safety rules use. Some reflections on a case study

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