The operating regularity of the stepper motor of thermal inkjet printers and its application in the China national accreditation service 2017ZO146 altered documents identification proficiency test

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

“…Determination of printing technology may be used to confirm or refute links between devices, and even owners and places of production of documents, and so forms another problem set for study comprising four textbooks [ [441] , [442] , [443] , [444] ]. The following subsection on Conventional Printing comprises 26 articles [ [445] , [446] , [447] , [448] , [449] , [450] , [451] , [452] , [453] , [454] , [455] , [456] , [457] , [458] , [459] , [460] , [461] , [462] , [463] , [464] , [465] , [466] ], while the subsection entitled 3D Printing includes six textbooks [ [467] , [468] , [469] , [470] , [471] , [472] ] and four articles [ [473] , [474] , [475] , [476] ]. There are 23 conference presentations added in reference only [ [477] , [478] , [479] , [480] , [481] , [482] , [483] , [484] , [485] , [486] , [487] , [488] , [489] , [490] , [491] , [492] , [493] , [494] , [495] , [496] , [497] , [498] , [499...…”

“…Ma et al [ 446 ] used the bidirectional printhead dividing line or nozzle occlusion marks combined with the maximum gauge of the printhead to determine how many times a document was printed.…”

“…As previously stated, the reference section for printing technologies includes many references [ [441] , [442] , [443] , [444] , [445] , [446] , [447] , [448] , [449] , [450] , [451] , [452] , [453] , [454] , [455] , [456] , [457] , [458] , [459] , [460] , [461] , [462] , [463] , [464] , [465] , [466] , [467] , [468] , [469] , [470] , [471] , [472] , [473] , [474] , [475] , [476] , [477] , [478] , [479] , [480] , [481] , [482] , [483] , [484] , [485] , [486] , [487] , [488] , [489] , [490] , [491] , [492] , [493] , [494] , [495] , [496] , [497] , [498] , [499] , [500] , [501] , [502] ].…”

“…Alterations and obliterations are ways in which documents can be changed, however the connotation is not necessarily nefarious. Ten articles [ [629] , [630] , [631] , [632] , [633] , [634] , [635] , [636] , [637] , [638] ] and three conference presentations [ [639] , [640] , [641] ] comprise this review.…”

“…Ma et al [ 633 ] studied the operating regularities of the stepper motor inside inkjet printers to identify printing alterations made by the same thermal inkjet printer. They determined the periodic morphological characteristics of ink marks combined with the maximum gauges of the printers which could be used to judge how many times a document was printed.…”