2017
DOI: 10.1172/jci88883
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Abstract: There are three dominant contributors to the pathogenesis of dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in obesity: unresolved inflammation, inappropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. The interactions of these processes during AT expansion reflect both a linear progression as well as feed-forward mechanisms. For example, both inflammation and inadequate angiogenic remodeling can drive fibrosis, which can in turn promote migration of immune cells into adipose depots and im… Show more

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Cited by 505 publications
(425 citation statements)
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References 128 publications
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“…Therefore, obesity per se is clearly not the sole driving force for metabolic dysfunction, and understanding which other factors are responsible for the unexplained variance in insulin resistance will have important consequences for public health. Multiple related factors have been proposed to explain the dysfunctional AT and the variability in insulin resistance during obesity, including adipose inflammation, fibrosis, impaired angiogenesis, hypoxia and body fat distribution (Blüher, 2016;Crewe et al, 2017;Divoux et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2011;Trayhurn, 2013;Weisberg et al, 2003). Here, we present evidence from the literature showing that adipose morphology is an additional factor that influences susceptibility to metabolic disease.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Therefore, obesity per se is clearly not the sole driving force for metabolic dysfunction, and understanding which other factors are responsible for the unexplained variance in insulin resistance will have important consequences for public health. Multiple related factors have been proposed to explain the dysfunctional AT and the variability in insulin resistance during obesity, including adipose inflammation, fibrosis, impaired angiogenesis, hypoxia and body fat distribution (Blüher, 2016;Crewe et al, 2017;Divoux et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2011;Trayhurn, 2013;Weisberg et al, 2003). Here, we present evidence from the literature showing that adipose morphology is an additional factor that influences susceptibility to metabolic disease.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Thus, during the early phases of obesity, inflammatory processes may play an important role in supporting this adaptive response; however, continued unresolved inflammation, angiogenesis, and adipose tissue expansion ultimately leads to insulin resistance, fibrosis, adipocyte dysfunction, and cell death (20). Philipp Scherer and colleagues review the interactions between inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis in the context of adipose tissue expansion (41).…”
Section: What Triggers Obesity-induced Inflammation?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Remodeling of the ECM is essential for adipocyte expansion and contraction to accommodate changes in energy stores (400). In adipose tissue, the HIF-1α isoform exerts major control over the hypoxic response that may occur during adipose expansion and induces angiogenic, inflammatory, and fibrotic gene expression programs (90, 163). Thus, with activation of HIF-1α in obese adipose tissue, fibrosis develops due to excessive accumulation of ECM components.…”
Section: Adipose Tissue Inflammation In Obesitymentioning
confidence: 99%