The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Pax3 homologues are highly conserved, encode multiple isoforms and show unique expression patterns

Jiao, Shuliang; Tan, Xungang; Wang, Qian; Li, Meijie; Du, Shao Jun

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.10.002

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, the C. elegans Pax-6 gene vab-3 has an alternative splice form ( mab-18 ) that lacks the Paired box (Zhang and Emmons 1995 ). Another example is the alternative splicing of Pax-3 in olive flounder, which can produce transcripts encoding a disrupted PAIRED domain, and/or lacking a HD (Jiao et al 2015 ). Experimentally, the functional separation of the PAIRED domain and the HD has also been demonstrated: a construct of Ey lacking the HD is able to rescue the ey2 mutant phenotype (Punzo et al 2001 ).…”

Section: Dna Binding Of Hd Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeodomain proteins: an update

2015

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Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have become possible due to genome sequencing projects. Using the 103 Drosophila homeobox genes as example, we present an updated classification. In animals, there are 16 major classes, ANTP, PRD, PRD-LIKE, POU, HNF, CUT (with four subclasses: ONECUT, CUX, SATB, and CMP), LIM, ZF, CERS, PROS, SIX/SO, plus the TALE superclass with the classes IRO, MKX, TGIF, PBC, and MEIS. In plants, there are 11 major classes, i.e., HD-ZIP (with four subclasses: I to IV), WOX, NDX, PHD, PLINC, LD, DDT, SAWADEE, PINTOX, and the two TALE classes KNOX and BEL. Most of these classes encode additional domains apart from the homeodomain. Numerous insights have been obtained in the last two decades into how homeodomain proteins bind to DNA and increase their specificity by interacting with other proteins to regulate cell- and tissue-specific gene expression. Not only protein-DNA base pair contacts are important for proper target selection; recent experiments also reveal that the shape of the DNA plays a role in specificity. Using selected examples, we highlight different mechanisms of homeodomain protein-DNA interaction. The PRD class of homeobox genes was of special interest to Walter Gehring in the last two decades. The PRD class comprises six families in Bilateria, and tinkers with four different motifs, i.e., the PAIRED domain, the Groucho-interacting motif EH1 (aka Octapeptide or TN), the homeodomain, and the OAR motif. Homologs of the co-repressor protein Groucho are also present in plants (TOPLESS), where they have been shown to interact with small amphipathic motives (EAR), and in yeast (TUP1), where we find an EH1-like motif in MATα2.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0543-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Dna Binding Of Hd Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeodomain proteins: an update

2015

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“…As a previous study has shown, Pax3 and Pax7 are different genes in tetrapods, while there is only a single ancestral gene Pax3/7 in amphioxi [ 36 ]. Due to the presence of additional fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD) in the lineage of teleosts, there are four duplicates, Pax3a / b and Pax7a / b, such as in olive flounders ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) and fugu ( Takifugu rubripes ) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Our findings of two SsPax3 genes and two SsPax7 genes in S. schlegelii also supports the additional FSGD theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, Pax3 genes and Pax7 genes shared common expression in mouse embryos [ 41 , 42 , 43 ], while two Pax3 genes and two Pax7 genes showed distinct expression during embryogenesis in some teleosts [ 37 , 39 , 44 ]. Some scholars have confirmed through the study of zebrafish embryos and mouse embryos that muscle satellite cells are derived from cells at the leading edge of the somite and the dorsal aorta of the embryo, respectively [ 18 , 32 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been reported that the mRNA signals of Pax3 are initially observed at the neural plate at the gastrula stage in embryos in Xenopus laevis [ 41 , 47 ]. In olive flounders, Pax3a signals were detected in the somites while the mRNA transcripts of Pax3b were only expressed in the new-forming somites [ 37 ].The duplicated Pax7 genes also showed distinct expression patterns during embryogenesis in olive flounders [ 39 ]. Interestingly, in this study, the expression level of SsPax3 genes at different embryonic stages were distinct with the results in the olive flounders and zebrafish homologues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pax3 and Pax7 Exhibit Distinct and Overlapping Functions in Marking Muscle Satellite Cells and Muscle Repair in a Marine Teleost, Sebastes schlegelii

Wang

Song

Jin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Pax3 and Pax7 are members of the Pax gene family which are essential for embryo and organ development. Both genes have been proved to be markers of muscle satellite cells and play key roles in the process of muscle growth and repair. Here, we identified two Pax3 genes (SsPax3a and SsPax3b) and two Pax7 genes (SsPax7a and SsPax7b) in a marine teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Our results showed SsPax3 and SsPax7 marked distinct populations of muscle satellite cells, which originated from the multi-cell stage and somite stage, respectively. In addition, we constructed a muscle injury model to explore the function of these four genes during muscle repair. Hematoxylin–eosin (H–E) of injured muscle sections showed new-formed myofibers occurred at 16 days post-injury (dpi). ISH (in situ hybridization) analysis demonstrated that the expression level of SsPax3a and two SsPax7 genes increased gradually during 0–16 dpi and peaked at 16 dpi. Interestingly, SsPax3b showed no significant differences during the injury repair process, indicating that the satellite cells labeled by SsPax3b were not involved in muscle repair. These results imply that the muscle stem cell populations in teleosts are more complicated than in mammals. This lays the foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanism of indeterminant growth and muscle repair of large fish species.

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“…The previous studies on the molecular mechanism of muscle development mainly concerned the isolation and expression pattern analysis of muscle developmental related genes including MyoD, myogenin , and so on ( Zhang et al, 2006b ; Xu et al, 2007 ). The research on flounder MSC was only focused on the expression patterns of the transcription factors paired-box3 and 7 ( Pax3 and Pax7 ) homologues, MSC marker genes, during embryonic development ( Jiao et al, 2015a ; Jiao et al, 2015b ). As a commercial fish, the induction conditions of triploid flounder were also studied ( Kazoo, Shigeaki & Yoshihiro, 1989 ; You & Liu, 1995 ; Xu & Chen, 2010 ), and there was a report showing that the growth rate of triploidy was significantly higher than that of diploidy ( Wang et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of growth characteristics between skeletal muscle satellite cell lines from diploid and triploid olive flounderParalichthys olivaceus

Peng

You

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Objectives. According to myosatellite cell lines (MSCs) established in vitro from diploid and triploid flounder, we compared the characters of growth and differentiation of their MSCs. The results would be useful for learning the muscle development mechanism in teleosts.Materials and Methods. The skeletal muscle cells from the diploid and triploid olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were isolated and cultured in vitro, respectively, and the cells were characterized at the morphology and molecular level; meanwhile, the performance of these cells’ proliferation and differentiation were analyzed.Results. Two new skeletal muscle cell lines (POMSCS(2n) and POMSCS(3n)) from diploid and triploid flounder have been respectively subcultured for 67 times and 66 times. The cultured cells were mostly spindle-like mononuclear cells. They have normal flounder diploid karyotype (2n=48t) and triploid karyotype (3n=72t), respectively. Muscle satellite cell gene marker (pax7b) and myogenic cell protein marker (Desmin) were all expressed in cells of two cell lines. Both of the cells could differentiate into the large polynucleated muscle fibre cells, and immunofluorescence reactions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were positive. There were more cells of POMSCS(3n) to differentiate into the muscle fibre cells than that of POMSCS(2n). However, POMSCS(2n) cells proliferated more rapidly than those of POMSCS(3n) (P < 0.05). The significant fluorescent signals were observed in both POMSCS(2n) and POMSCS(3n) cells after transfected with pEGFP-N3 reporter plasmid.Conclusions. The two cell lines have been established and characterized as MSCs. We suppose that it might be the differentiation capacity, rather than the proliferation activity of MSCs to play a key role in the better growth of triploid ones than diploid. Both cell lines will become the ideal tools to learn the mechanism of fish MSCs proliferation, differentiation and regeneration during muscle development in the future.

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The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Pax3 homologues are highly conserved, encode multiple isoforms and show unique expression patterns

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Homeodomain proteins: an update

Homeodomain proteins: an update

Pax3 and Pax7 Exhibit Distinct and Overlapping Functions in Marking Muscle Satellite Cells and Muscle Repair in a Marine Teleost, Sebastes schlegelii

Comparison of growth characteristics between skeletal muscle satellite cell lines from diploid and triploid olive flounderParalichthys olivaceus

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