The Old and the New on Viral Diseases in Sturgeon

Mugetti, Davide; Pastorino, Paolo; Menconi, Vasco; Pedron, Claudio; Prearo, Marino

doi:10.3390/pathogens9020146

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…They exist in the wild populations and are introduced into farms when genitors are captured, often with dramatic effects for farmed fish. To date, more than 10 different specific viruses have been found in sturgeons [ 6 ]. Almost all of them were discovered in species native to North America, both in the USA and Canada, as well as in Europe where fish from America were introduced [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there have been more and more disturbing reports of health problems of viral etiology in wild and farmed sturgeon [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Emerging infectious diseases caused by herpesviruses and mimiviruses seem to be of greatest importance [ 6 , 7 ]. This phenomenon, which is dangerous for the development of this branch of aquaculture, poses a serious threat to the success of fish species restitution programs undertaken in European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection

Stachnik

Matras

Borzym

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Recently, Poland has become a leading producer of sturgeon meat and caviar in Europe and is one of the largest in the world. The growing importance of this branch of aquaculture means that diseases of these fish, especially viral ones, are becoming the object of interest for ichthyopathologists. In recent years, there have been increasing reports of health problems in the dynamically developing sturgeon farming. The greatest risk appears to be emerging infectious diseases that are caused by viruses and that can become a serious threat to the development of the aquaculture industry and the success of sturgeon restitution programs undertaken in many European countries, including Poland. In this paper, an attempt was made to determine the spread of the two most important groups of viruses in Polish sturgeon farming: These include the herpesviruses and sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (sNCLDV), in particular, mimiviruses. In the years 2016–2020, 136 samples from nine farms were collected and tested by using the WSSK-1 cell line, PCR and Real Time PCR methods. All results were negative for herpesviruses. Out of the samples, 26% of the samples have been tested positive for mimiviruses. Sanger sequencing of mimiviruses demonstrated their affiliation with AciV-E. The sequence characterization confirmed the presence of both V1 and V2 lineages in Polish fish facilities, but variant V2 seems to be more widespread, as is observed in other European countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection

Stachnik

Matras

Borzym

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…However, as with any intensive husbandry system, it is not uncommon that disease conditions will affect the commercial success of the enterprise. Whereas various infectious agents have been identified and/or isolated from cultured and wild sturgeon as recently reviewed (Mugetti et al., 2020; Radosavljević et al., 2019), serious disease conditions affecting the successful culture of white sturgeon have generally been restricted to herpesviral and iridoviral‐like infections that were initially observed and characterized at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis (Hedrick et al., 1990, 1991; Watson et al., 1995). Although mycotic infections are not unusual in various wild and captive fishes (de Hoog et al., 2011; Roberts, 2012; Seyedmousavi et al., 2013), fungal pathogens have not been identified as serious agents of disease in captive sturgeon until recently (Steckler et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phaeohyphomycosis due to Veronaea botryosa in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) from California USA during 2006 to 2015

Groff

Mok

Kubiski

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Infection with Veronaea botryosa can result in rare cutaneous or disseminated, granulomatous to pyogranulomatous phaeohyphomycosis in humans, although disease due to the fungus has also been reported in non‐mammalian vertebrates. This report documents disease due to V. botryosa in captive, juvenile to subadult or young adult white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) from California USA and complements a previous report of the disease in captive Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) from Florida USA. Pathological examinations revealed granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation of multiple organs. Isolates of the fungal agent were phenotypically consistent with V. botryosa, and molecular analyses of the D1/D2 region of the fungal 28S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region located between the fungal 18S and 28S rRNA genes confirmed the aetiologic agent as V. botryosa. The disease in captive sturgeon results in a considerable economic encumbrance to the producer due to the loss of the cumulative financial resources invested in the production of older subadult to young adult sturgeon.

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“…Although aquaculture for sturgeon production has increased worldwide, infectious diseases are one of the major factors still limiting its expansion [ 41 ]. Literature on bacterial pathogens in sturgeons is scarce, probably because these animals seem quite resistant to diseases after they reach a certain size [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactorial Causes of Chronic Mortality in Juvenile Sturgeon (Huso huso)

Ciulli

Volpe

Sirri

et al. 2020

Animals

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This investigation focused on an episode of chronic mortality observed in juvenile Huso huso sturgeons. The examined subjects underwent pathological, microbiological, molecular, and chemical investigations. Grossly severe body shape deformities, epaxial muscle softening, and multifocal ulcerative dermatitis were the main observed findings. The more constant histopathologic findings were moderate to severe rarefaction and disorganization of the lymphohematopoietic lymphoid tissues, myofiber degeneration, atrophy and interstitial edema of skeletal epaxial muscles, and degeneration and atrophy of the gangliar neurons close to the myofibers. Chemical investigations showed a lower selenium concentration in affected animals, suggesting nutritional myopathy. Other manifestations were nephrocalcinosis and splenic vessel wall hyalinosis. Septicemia due to bacteria such as Aeromonas veronii, Shewanella putrefaciens, Citrobacter freundii, Chryseobacterium sp., and pigmented hyphae were found. No major sturgeon viral pathogens were detected by classical methods. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis confirmed the absence of viral pathogens, with the exception of herpesvirus, at the order level; also, the presence of Aeromonas veronii and Shewanella putrefaciens was confirmed at the family level by the metagenomic classification of NGS data. In the absence of a primary yet undetected biological cause, it is supposed that environmental stressors, including nutritional imbalances, may have led to immune system impairment, facilitating the entry of opportunistic bacteria and mycotic hyphae.

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The Old and the New on Viral Diseases in Sturgeon

Cited by 24 publications

References 69 publications

Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection

Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection

Phaeohyphomycosis due to Veronaea botryosa in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) from California USA during 2006 to 2015

Multifactorial Causes of Chronic Mortality in Juvenile Sturgeon (Huso huso)

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