The Ocular Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation

Pitts, Donald G.

doi:10.1097/00006324-197801000-00004

Cited by 160 publications

(205 citation statements)

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“…In vivo and ex vivo acute studies on mammalian lens (Pitts et al, 1977;Merriam et al, 2000;Oriowo et al, 2001) and a chronic in vivo study (Jose and Pitts, 1985) have indicated that the UVB part of the solar spectrum is most likely to be responsible for any long term effects that solar UVR has on the lens. There is also epidemiological evidence that solar UVR exposure results in ocular melanoma, especially from a study in Australia (Vajdic et al, 2002) that showed that choroid and ciliary body melanoma were positively associated with time outdoors on weekdays with OR up to 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 -2.8) and p = 0.01 for trend.…”

Section: Effects On the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Banning children and youth under the age of 18 years from commercial tanning facilities

Taddeo¹,

Stanwick²

2012

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Section: Effects On the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Banning children and youth under the age of 18 years from commercial tanning facilities

Taddeo¹,

Stanwick²

2012

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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“…E pidemiological studies (Taylor 1990;Cruickshanks et al 1992) and experimental studies in mice (Jose & Pitts 1985), rats (Sö derberg 1990a; Breadsell et al 1994;Michael 1997), rabbits (Pitts et al 1977), squirrels (Zigman et al 1991) and trout (Cullen & Monteith-McMaster 1993) show a relationship between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and subsequent lens opacities. In rare cases, human cataract has been correlated with accidental UVR exposure (Lerman 1980;Mü ller-Breitenkamp et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also the longterm effects of repeated UVR exposure to the lens have been investigated (Wegener 1994) but, to our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the lenticular effects of different time intervals between exposures. The UVR dose applied for a single exposure in the current experiment is a near-threshold dose for cataract in rabbits and rats (Pitts et al 1977;Michael et al 1996Michael et al , 1998a). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lens opacities after repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Michael¹,

Löfgren²,

Söderberg³

1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the effect of the interval between two, near-threshold exposures to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on cataract development. Methods: One eye of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed twice to 4 kJ/m 2 narrow band UVR (l MAX Ω300 nm) for 15 min each. The interval between exposures was 0, 6, 24 or 48 h. One week after the first exposure both lenses were removed for photography and measurement of the intensity of forward light scattering to quantify lens opacities. Results: All exposed lenses developed cataract. Forward light scattering was the same after double exposure with no interval or a 6 h interval. Forward light scattering after a 24 or 48 h interval was nearly twofold greater than that following no interval or a 6 h interval. The exposed lenses in all groups had mild anterior surface opacities and intense equatorial opacities as judged with a stereomicroscope. Conclusion: Two, near-threshold UVR exposures at 0 or a 6 h interval produce the same degree of lens opacification. When the second exposure follows 24 or 48 h after the first, lenticular damage increases. Repair processes between 24 and 48 h after exposure appear to be sensitive to UVR, and an additional exposure during this time may aggravate cataract development.

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“…The cornea is reported to absorb wavelengths from 200 to 295nm21-23 and to be most sensitive to those from 260 to 280nm3, because the radiant energy is completely absorbed in this range24, 25. Photoker atitis has also been reported to be induced by UV light in this range15,26 The lens contains chromo phores which absorb UV ranging from 295 to 400 nm3, 21 In particular, light with a narrow wave length from 290 to 325nm causes acute cataract in primates3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoker atitis has also been reported to be induced by UV light in this range15,26 The lens contains chromo phores which absorb UV ranging from 295 to 400 nm3, 21 In particular, light with a narrow wave length from 290 to 325nm causes acute cataract in primates3. Although only less than 1% of UV light is thought to reach the retina27, light of 320 nm or longer has been reported to induce retinal degeneration3,15 Therefore, UVA generally induces changes in the retina, but not the cornea24, 25.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%