The occurrence and microbiology of otitis externa in the dog

Sharma, V. D.; Rhoades, H. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05740.x

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, only German shepherds had significantly higher EECH than other breeds in non-OE groups. These findings may suggest that relative humidity in the ear canals unlikely predisposes specific breeds to OE, and ear type (pendulous or erect) does not affect the retention of heat and moisture in the ear canal as much as previously reported [6,7,14].…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

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Studies of Certain Factors Affecting the Microenvironment and Microflora of the External Ear of the Dog in Health and Disease.

Yoshida

Naito

Fukata

2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A total of 187 dogs, 110 with clinical signs of otitis externa (OE), and 77 without history or clinical signs of OE, were examined microenvironment and microbiological analysis of their ear exudates made. The aural temperature and humidity of 160 dogs were measured. There were no significant differentce between healthy dogs and OE dogs. German shepherd showed relatively lower temperature (p<0.01) and higher humidity (p<0.01). The mean log 10 number of microbial organisms of ears of OE dogs (4.16 ± 0.31 cfu/ g) was significantly increased, compared to that from the ears of non-OE group (2.55 ± 0.24 cfu/g). Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. were detected only from OE dogs. In addition, three enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from ear specimens. KEY WORDS: canine, microenvironment, otitis externa.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64(12): 1145-1147, 2002 Otitis externa (OE) is common in dogs. In a few statistical reports, broad predispositons have been reported on canine otitis externa; it is more common in pedulous ears (e.g. Cocker spaniel), with auricular hypertrichosis (e.g. Poodle and Bichon), and those predisoposed to seborroea (German and Belgian shepherd dogs which are predisposed to cerminous otitis) [3].Environmental factors such as high temperature and humidity can influence the incidence of OE in dogs [3]. Excessive moisture is one of the predisposing factors of OE in dogs. Elevated moisture in an ambient environment is associated with the development of OE in humans and dogs [7,12,13], since high humidity may contribute to bacterial and fungal growth [11]. And multiple studies have shown the microbial distribution in OE, but few studies described the mean number of microbes.The purpose of this study was to investigate the microenvironment and microflora of the external ear of the dog in health and disease. Furthermore, enterotoxic production of coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains was examined.A total of 110 dogs (6 dogs with unilateral OE, 104 dogs with bilateral OE) clinically diagnosed as OE were examined at Gifu University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from January to July 2000. Of these 110 dogs with OE, 50 dogs (100 ears) were submitted to the test to obtain external ear canal temperature (EECT) and humidity (EECH). They had wide ear canals, which were clinically and anatomically available to insert a Humidity Measuring Stick Thermometer (Testo, Germany). Forty-three dogs (86 ears) without history or clinical signs of OE were measured for their EECT and EECH as non-OE group as well. Both EECT and EECH were measured, with the stick thermometer inserted about 3 cm into the ear canal for 1 min or until an end point reading was obtained. The EECT and EECH were analyzed by each group according to the breeds as Cocker spaniel, Labrador retriever, German shepherd, and other breeds in OE and non-OE groups. For both EECT and EECH, each group was compared with other groups. Then, OE and non-OE were compared in each group.A total of 368 ear swab specimens (214 OE ears, 154 non-OE ears...

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confidence: 53%

“…Ear type has been reported to predispose the animal to OE by altering the microclimate [6,7,14]. Although it seems plausible that pendulous and hirsute ear may result in increased EECT, Huang and Huang [8] concluded that EECT may play a lesser role in the development of OE in dogs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Certain Factors Affecting the Microenvironment and Microflora of the External Ear of the Dog in Health and Disease.

Yoshida

Naito

Fukata

2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Concerning the Pseudomonas strains (prevalence: 18.10%; Sharma and Rhodes, 1975), the extract showed MIC at 150 µg/ml (P. cepacia) and 250 µg/ml (P. aeruginosa), and MBC at 250 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

In vitro antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) against strains causing otitis externa in dogs and cats

Moulari

Pellequer

Chaumont

et al. 2007

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Otitis externa in dogs and cats is always caused by a combination of yeasts and bacteria, among which the most important are Malassezia pachydermatis, Staphylococcus intermedius and Pseudomonas species. These organisms often develop resistance to classical antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of an ethyl acetate leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis against the organisms cited, to carry out the phytochemical investigation of this extract and to determine its bioactive chemical class using dilution techniques, the bioautography method and the standard phytochemical method described by Harborne (1973). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and anthracenic derivatives. The bioassay showed that the antimicrobial properties may be attributed to astilbin, a flavanone derivative identified on the basis of its spectroscopic data. The results suggest that the extract could be used in an antimicrobial preparation effective against the whole range of organisms incriminated in otitis externa in dogs and cats, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/ml.

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“…was the most commonly isolated microorganism together with M. pachydermatis from animals with OE (26 cases) and from healthy ones (11 cases). This fact is probably related to the ability of the microorganisms to utilize metabolic products of each other and can synergically cause chronic otitis (Sharma andRoades, 1975, Kiss et al, 1997) Complete inhibitory effect was obtained, in vitro, against M. pachydermatis, with four imidazole compounds (ketoconazole, econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole), whereas nystatin was effective only in 38 isolates and not effective in the remaining 8. These results are consistent with the findings of earlier studies (Dufait, 1981, Kures et al, 1983, Uchida et al, 1990b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbial flora of the normal ear canal is constituted primary of Staphylococci, non-haemolytic Streptococci and the yeast M pachydermatis (Grono and Frost 1969, Sharma and Roades 1975, Cole et al, 1998. Coagulase positive S .intermedins strains and M. pachydermatis are the most common isolates in cases of canine otitis externa (OE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Malassezia pachydermatis with the otitic and the normal ear canal of the dogs

Bourtzi-Hatzopoulou

Petridou

Psyhoyos³

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of M. pachydermatis in otitic and healthy ear canals of the dogs and to test the sensitivity of this microorganism to antifungal agents. A total of 180 swabs, 98 from otitic and 82 from clinically healthy dogs, were collected during the years 1998-2000 in Thessaloniki area (Greece). From all the swabs, smears for direct microscopic examination and inoculation on selective media for bacteria and fungi isolation were made. From the 90 M. pachydermatis isolates, 68 (69,38%) were made from infected and 32 (39,02%) from clinically healthy dogs. M. pachydermatiswas the sole isolate in 20 (20,39%) infected and in 12 (14,63%) non infected dogs. In 48 otitic and in 20 clinically healthy dogs, M. pachydermatis was associated with bacteria as Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp. and Streptococcus spp. and fungi as Candida spp. ana Aspergillus spp.. S. intermediuswas isolated from 13 infected and 20 non infected animals. A mixed bacterial flora was grown from 6 infected and 22 clinically healthy animals, respectively, while no growth of microorganisms from 11 otitic and 8 healthy dogs was observed. All Malassezia tested strains (46) were found sensitive to ketoconazole, econazole, miconazole and clotrimazole. Nystatin was found effective to 38 isolates and noneffective to 8.

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The occurrence and microbiology of otitis externa in the dog

Abstract: The occurrence of otitis externa in dogs in relation to ear types, age‐group, sex, months and seasons of the year and microbiology of canine ears was studied.

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Studies of Certain Factors Affecting the Microenvironment and Microflora of the External Ear of the Dog in Health and Disease.

Studies of Certain Factors Affecting the Microenvironment and Microflora of the External Ear of the Dog in Health and Disease.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) against strains causing otitis externa in dogs and cats

Association of Malassezia pachydermatis with the otitic and the normal ear canal of the dogs

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