The object recognition task in rats and mice: A simple and rapid model in safety pharmacology to detect amnesic properties of a new chemical entity

Bertaina-Anglade, Valérie; Enjuanes, E.; Morillon, D.; Rochelle, Christophe Drieu La

doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2006.04.001

Cited by 145 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In agreement with the results of other studies on the object recognition task [19,27], a single injection of 0.3 mg/kg scopolamine administered 10 min. before T1 caused amnesia in mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The object recognition task was performed as described by Bertaina-Anglade et al . [19]. Briefly, the apparatus was made of a square wooden open-field (35 × 35 × 40 cm) with the inside painted in dark black and a white floor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of object exploration on T1 (duration of T1), time spent in active exploration of the familiar (F) or novel (N) object on T2. Recognition memory was evaluated using a recognition index (RI) calculated for each animal using the formula: (N − F/N + F) × 100 corresponding to the difference between the time exploring the novel and the familiar object, corrected for total time exploring both objects [19]. Results were expressed as the mean ± S.E.M.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metyrapone and Mifepristone Reverse Recognition Memory Loss Induced by Spontaneous Morphine Withdrawal in Mice

Mesripour

Hajhashemi

Rabbani

2008

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Morphine withdrawal leads to an increase in corticosterone concentration in plasma, and cognitive deficits are found after withdrawal. Evidence indicates that glucocorticoid hormones affect memory. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of metyrapone and mifepristone on memory deficit following spontaneous morphine withdrawal. Memory was tested by using the object recognition task. The novel object recognition task was carried out in a square wooden open-field apparatus using objects. The test was comprised of three sections: habituation for 15 min., first trial for 12 min. and test trial for 5 min. In this learning paradigm, the difference in exploration between a previously seen object and a novel object is taken as an index of memory performance (recognition index -RI). Male mice were made dependent by increasing doses of morphine (30 -90 mg/kg) subcutaneously twice daily for 3 days. RI was assessed 4 hr after the last dose of morphine on the third day. Mifepristone (50 and 100 mg/kg) and metyrapone (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) were used subcutaneously before the first trial and effects were compared to control values. Metyrapone (25 mg/kg) and mifepristone (50 mg/kg) improved RI to 34.8 ± 10.8% and 25.4 ± 11.7%, respectively, which are significantly different from control values (RI = − 14.8 ± 10.7%, P < 0.05). These results show that increased glucocorticoid concentration may be involved in memory deficit caused by morphine withdrawal. Metyrapone by inhibiting glucocorticoid formation, and mifepristone by inhibiting glucocorticoid receptors may be useful for preventing memory deficit following morphine withdrawal.Brain imaging studies involving human opiate addicts have indicated that many brain areas are hypofunctional during both prolonged abstinence [1] and acute withdrawal [2]. Chronic misuse of opiates will also lead to long-lasting impairments in brain function [3]. This event may relate to the cognitive deficits found, as well as to symptoms of anxiety and depression that linger after the physical symptoms of withdrawal have dissipated [4]. Such effects in human beings will require additional rehabilitation for cognitive deficits that impair everyday function, or else will cause drug-seeking urge. Therefore, looking for pharmacological trends that can prevent this cognitive impairment would be rational.Emotionally arousing experiences activate the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA), resulting in elevated glucocorticoid levels (i.e. corticosterone and cortisol). Morphine withdrawal is associated with activation of the HPA [5]. A study has shown that repeated short periods of drug withdrawal (24 or 72 hr) in morphine-dependent mice represent a mild stress load [6] and animals undergoing acute (12 hr) morphine withdrawal displayed a potentiated and prolonged corticosterone response to restraint [7].Previous studies in both animal and human beings indicate that stress and glucocorticoids modulate various phases of memory processing [8][9][10]. Acute administration of gluco...

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“…In agreement with the results of other studies on the object recognition task [19,27], a single injection of 0.3 mg/kg scopolamine administered 10 min. before T1 caused amnesia in mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metyrapone and Mifepristone Reverse Recognition Memory Loss Induced by Spontaneous Morphine Withdrawal in Mice

Mesripour

Hajhashemi

Rabbani

2008

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Object recognition was tested on rats in an open field plastic arena (measuring 65 cm Â 48 cm Â 28 cm with bedding material covering the floor) by an investigator blinded to the treatment of the animals (Bertaina- Anglade et al, 2006). The day before the test, each animal was subjected to a habituation session for 5 mins.…”

Section: Object Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflurane Anesthesia Induced Persistent, Progressive Memory Impairment, Caused a Loss of Neural Stem Cells, and Reduced Neurogenesis in Young, but Not Adult, Rodents

Zhu

Gao

Karlsson

et al. 2010

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

265

203

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Isoflurane and related anesthetics are widely used to anesthetize children, ranging from premature babies to adolescents. Concerns have been raised about the safety of these anesthetics in pediatric patients, particularly regarding possible negative effects on cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated isoflurane exposure of juvenile and mature animals on cognition and neurogenesis. Postnatal day 14 (P14) rats and mice, as well as adult (P60) rats, were anesthetized with isoflurane for 35 mins daily for four successive days. Object recognition, place learning and reversal learning as well as cell death and cytogenesis were evaluated. Object recognition and reversal learning were significantly impaired in isoflurane-treated young rats and mice, whereas adult animals were unaffected, and these deficits became more pronounced as the animals grew older. The memory deficit was paralleled by a decrease in the hippocampal stem cell pool and persistently reduced neurogenesis, subsequently causing a reduction in the number of dentate gyrus granule cell neurons in isoflurane-treated rats. There were no signs of increased cell death of progenitors or neurons in the hippocampus. These findings show a previously unknown mechanism of neurotoxicity, causing cognitive deficits in a clearly age-dependent manner.

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“…The object recognition task was carried out as described elsewhere (Bertaina-Anglade et al, 2006). On experimental day, animals were subjected to two sessions and each session was composed of one trial.…”

Section: Object Recognition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Scopolamine on Memory Processes in the Object Recognition Test and the Morris Water Maze Test in Mice

Kim¹,

Ryu²

2008

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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− Several lines of evidence indicate that scopolamine as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist disrupts object recognition performance and spatial working memory when administered systemically. In the present study, we investigated the different effects of scopolamine on acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval phases of object recognition performance and spatial working memory using the object recognition and the Morris water maze tasks in mice. In the acquisition phase test, scopolamine decreased recognition index on object recognition task and the trial 1 to trial 2 differences on Morris water maze task. In the consolidation and retrieval phase tests, scopolamine also decreased recognition index on object recognition task, where as scopolamine did not exhibited any effects on the Morris water maze task.

show abstract

The object recognition task in rats and mice: A simple and rapid model in safety pharmacology to detect amnesic properties of a new chemical entity

Cited by 145 publications

References 13 publications

Metyrapone and Mifepristone Reverse Recognition Memory Loss Induced by Spontaneous Morphine Withdrawal in Mice

Metyrapone and Mifepristone Reverse Recognition Memory Loss Induced by Spontaneous Morphine Withdrawal in Mice

Isoflurane Anesthesia Induced Persistent, Progressive Memory Impairment, Caused a Loss of Neural Stem Cells, and Reduced Neurogenesis in Young, but Not Adult, Rodents

Differential Effects of Scopolamine on Memory Processes in the Object Recognition Test and the Morris Water Maze Test in Mice

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