The Nutraceuticals as Modern Key to Achieve Erythrocyte Oxidative Stress Fighting in Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease, shows an increasing prevalence in the aging population in industrialized countries. OA is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, which causes degeneration of all joint tissues, such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial membrane, leading to pain and loss of functionality. Erythrocytes, the most abundant blood cells, have as their primary function oxygen transport, which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. For this reason, the erythrocytes have several mechanisms to counteract ROS injuries, which cause damage to lipids and proteins of the cell membrane. Oxidative stress and inflammation are highly correlated and are both causes of joint disorders. In the synovial fluid and blood of osteoarthritis patients, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme expression is decreased. To date, OA is a non-curable disease, treated mainly with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids for a prolonged period of time, which cause several side effects; thus, the search for natural remedies with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities is always ongoing. In this review, we analyze several manuscripts describing the effect of traditional remedies, such as Harpagophytum procumbens, Curcumin longa, and Boswellia serrata extracts, in the treatments of OA for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity. The effects of such remedies have been studied both in in vitro and in vivo models, considering both joint cells and erythrocytes.

Evaluating the Anti-Osteoarthritis Potential of Standardized Boswellia serrata Gum Resin Extract in Alleviating Knee Joint Pathology and Inflammation in Osteoarthritis-Induced Models

“…Activation of the MAPK pathway in cartilage increases the expression of inflammatory mediators and MMPs, leading to osteoarthritis [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Similarly, activation of the NF-κB pathway enhances the transcription of inflammatory mediators, cytokines [ 42 ], and ECM decomposition factors, contributing to cartilage degradation [ 29 ]. Hence, inhibiting the activity of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling systems could be a pivotal target for preventing, mitigating, and treating osteoarthritis.…”

Italian Canyoning Guides: Physiological Profile and Cardiometabolic Demand during Rope Activities

“…Urine sample collection was carried out in the morning before breakfast, referred to as baseline (T0); before putting on the equipment and performing the rope exercise, referred to as pretest (T1); and 90 min and 3 and 5 h after the end of the rope exercise, referred to as T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Further analysis was conducted to assess oxidative stress through ELISA tests [31]. A total of 10 mL of urine was collected from six subjects enrolled in the study.…”

Red blood cells as biomarkers and mediators in complications of diabetes mellitus: A review

“…[71] Strategies aimed at preserving RBC function, improving deformability, and mitigating oxidative stress within RBCs may hold promise in managing and preventing diabetic microvascular complications. [72] Understanding the role of RBCs as mediators in diabetic complications is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at preserving RBC functionality and ameliorating the impact of diabetes on microvascular health. Strategies focusing on reducing oxidative stress, improving RBC deformability, and addressing inflammatory responses may offer potential therapeutic avenues in managing diabetic complications and improving patient outcomes.…”