The numerical simulation of biofuels spray

Vajda, Blaž; Lešnik, Luka; Bombek, Gorazd; Biluš, Ignacijo; Žunič, Zoran; Škerget, L.; Hočevar, Marko; Širok, Brane; Kegl, Breda

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.090

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The higher air pressure tends to increase the angle of the spray, allowing more air resistance, thus reducing the penetration. A similar observation was found in Vajda and Lešnik [33], who observed shorter spray penetration and a wider cone angle at higher ambient pressure. Among the tested flight operating conditions, penetration of the spray is shorter during take-off than TOC and cruise.…”

Section: Comparison Of Penetration Length Of Biofuels With Jet-asupporting

confidence: 88%

d2 Law and Penetration Length of Jatropha and Camelina Bio-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Spray Characteristics at Take-Off, Top of Climb and Cruise

et al. 2021

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A comparison of d2 law and penetration length of biofuels with Jet–A through the incorporation of fuel properties and actual combustor inlet data at various flight trajectories is presented. This study aims to identify fuel properties and flight operating conditions that most influence droplet characteristics accurately. The study comprises two phases involving a simulation using GSP to predict combustor inlet data for the respective flight operating conditions and a simulation using ANSYS Fluent V18.1 to obtain combustion characteristics of biofuels and Jet–A . The biofuels chosen in this study are Jatropha Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (JSPK) and Camelina Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (CSPK), evaluated as pure (100%) and blend (50%) with Jet–A. Thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) of biofuels is improved due to lower fuel consumed by the engine. The d2 law curve shows a heat-up period that takes place at the early stage of the combustion process. The penetration length of the fuels is shorter at take-off. Combusting biofuels reduce combustion temperature and the penetration length of the droplet.

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Section: Comparison Of Penetration Length Of Biofuels With Jet-asupporting

confidence: 88%

d2 Law and Penetration Length of Jatropha and Camelina Bio-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Spray Characteristics at Take-Off, Top of Climb and Cruise

et al. 2021

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“…Many contributions 28–31 have mentioned that the process of spray is categorized into internal flow, primary breakup, and secondary breakup. Primary breakup and secondary breakup occur outside of the nozzle, which are classified by some dimensionless numbers like Reynolds number Re , Weber number We , and Ohnesorge number Oh .…”

Section: Preliminary Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of kerosene sprays in pressurized evaporating environments

Liu

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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Experiments of kerosene spray with single-hole solenoid injector in the pressurized nonevaporating and evaporating environments, in which the ambient pressure ranges from 1.4 MPa to 4.8 MPa and the ambient temperature includes 300 K, 343 K, and 423 K, are carried out with high-speed Schlieren photography to investigate the breakup regimes and the macro-characteristics like penetration, projected spray area, and spray cone angle. Repetitive experiments are conducted to analyze the penetration repeatability. The comparison between the experimental penetrations and the predicted ones by the existing correlations reveals that the deviations between the experimental data and the predictions rise as the ambient temperature rises. Therefore, a new modified correlation is proposed to predict the penetration of kerosene spray in the nonevaporating and evaporating environments, which fits the experimental data better than the existing correlations. The breakup regimes in primary breakup and secondary breakup are discussed respectively. The projected spray area is analyzed under different ambient pressures at different ambient temperatures. Finally, it is found that the spray cone angle remains almost the same under different ambient pressures after it reduces sharply before 0.5 ms. The macro-characteristics discussed in the present study are important for the performance and emissions of aeronautical engines or diesel engines fuelled by kerosene as a substitution.

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“…These fuel properties vary with chemical composition and influence engine performance and emission results [20,[45][46][47][48][49]. It was observed that the chemical components and compositions of the bio-crude varied with the process conditions (Tables 2 and 3) which subsequently affected the fuel's physical properties.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Concentration On Chemical And Physmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Physical and Chemical Properties for Microalgae HTL Bio-Crude Using a Large Batch Reactor

et al. 2017

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As a biofuel feedstock, microalgae has good scalability and potential to supply a significant proportion of world energy compared to most types of biofuel feedstock. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is well-suited to wet biomass (such as microalgae) as it greatly reduces the energy requirements associated with dewatering and drying. This article presents experimental analyses of chemical and physical properties of bio-crude oil produced via HTL using a high growth-rate microalga Scenedesmus sp. in a large batch reactor. The overarching goal was to investigate the suitability of microalgae HTL bio-crude produced in a large batch reactor for direct application in marine diesel engines. To this end we characterized the chemical and physical properties of the bio-crudes produced. HTL literature mostly reports work using very small batch reactors which are preferred by researchers, so there are few experimental and parametric measurements for bio-crude physical properties, such as viscosity and density. In the course of this study, a difference between traditionally calculated values and measured values was noted. In the parametric study, the bio-crude viscosity was significantly closer to regular diesel and biodiesel standards than transesterified (FAME) microalgae biodiesel. Under optimised conditions, HTL bio-crude's high density (0.97-1.04 kg·L −1 ) and its high viscosity (70.77-73.89 mm 2 ·s −1 ) had enough similarity to marine heavy fuels. although the measured higher heating value, HHV, was lower (29.8 MJ·kg −1 ). The reaction temperature was explored in the range 280-350 • C and bio-crude oil yield and HHV reached their maxima at the highest temperature. Slurry concentration was explored between 15% and 30% at this temperature and the best HHV, O:C, and N:C were found to occur at 25%. Two solvents (dichloromethane and n-hexane) were used to recover the bio-crude oil, affecting the yield and chemical composition of the bio-crude.

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The numerical simulation of biofuels spray

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

d2 Law and Penetration Length of Jatropha and Camelina Bio-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Spray Characteristics at Take-Off, Top of Climb and Cruise

d2 Law and Penetration Length of Jatropha and Camelina Bio-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Spray Characteristics at Take-Off, Top of Climb and Cruise

Experimental investigations of kerosene sprays in pressurized evaporating environments

Experimental Investigations of Physical and Chemical Properties for Microalgae HTL Bio-Crude Using a Large Batch Reactor

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