The northwestern margin of the Basin-and-Range Province, part 1: Reflection profiling of the moderate-angle (~30°) Surprise Valley Fault

Lerch, D. W.; Klemperer, S. L.; Egger, Anne E.; Colgan, Joseph P.; Miller, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.028

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…S1 [footnote 1]). Evidence for such deformation includes numerous north-northeast-striking normal faults that offset Paleogene-Neogene bedrock (Stewart and Carlson, 1978;Stewart, 1980;Colgan et al, 2006b;Lerch et al, 2008) and in a few places offset Quaternary deposits (Dohrenwend and Moring, 1991b;dePolo and Dee, 2015;U.S. Geological Survey, 2015).…”

Section: Steens-black Rock Fault Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Neogene tectonic and magmatic history of the northwestern Basin and Range Province (NWBR) differs from the better studied parts of the province in central Nevada. The latest phase of extension in the NWBR is thought to have initiated later (≤12 Ma versus ≤30 Ma) and accumulated less strain (≤20% versus 50%-100% extension) than the central part of the province (Colgan et al, 2006b;Lerch et al, 2008;Egger and Miller, 2011). With the exception of the Warner Range on the western margin of the NWBR, the area was covered with voluminous middle Miocene (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A paleoseismic transect across the northwestern Basin and Range Province, northwestern Nevada and northeastern California, USA

et al. 2017

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Section: Steens-black Rock Fault Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paleoseismic transect across the northwestern Basin and Range Province, northwestern Nevada and northeastern California, USA

et al. 2017

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“…1). Nonetheless, the East 60° dipping nodal plane is most likely the rupture plane since low angle ruptures are not usually favoured in extending brittle layers (Buck 1988; Morley 1989 and references therein; Lerch et al 2010). Also, geophysical and geological observations from the EAR usually depict high‐angle border faults that maintain their dips to depths of 7 km or more (Ebinger et al 1991 and references therein, Morley 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source parameters of the 2008 Bukavu-Cyangugu earthquake estimated from InSAR and teleseismic data

d’Oreye

González

Shuler

et al. 2010

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YEarthquake source parameter determination is of great importance for hazard assessment, as well as for a variety of scientific studies concerning regional stress and strain release and volcano-tectonic interaction. This is especially true for poorly instrumented, densely populated regions such as encountered in Africa, where even the distribution of seismicity remains poorly documented. In this paper, we combine data from satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) and teleseismic waveforms to determine the source parameters of the M w 5.9 earthquake that occurred on 2008 February 3 near the cities of Bukavu (DR Congo) and Cyangugu (Rwanda). This was the second largest earthquake ever to be recorded in the Kivu basin, a section of the western branch of the East African Rift (EAR). This earthquake is of particular interest due to its shallow depth and proximity to active volcanoes and Lake Kivu, which contains high concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide and methane. The shallow depth and possible similarity with dyking events recognized in other parts of EAR suggested the potential association of the earthquake with a magmatic intrusion, emphasizing the necessity of accurate source parameter determination. In general, we find that estimates of fault plane geometry, depth and scalar moment are highly consistent between teleseismic and InSAR studies. Centroid-moment-tensor (CMT) solutions locate the earthquake near the southern part of Lake Kivu, while InSAR studies place it under the lake itself. CMT solutions characterize the event as a nearly pure double-couple, normal faulting earthquake occurring on a fault plane striking 350 • and dipping 52 • east, with a rake of -101 • . This is consistent with locally mapped faults, as well as InSAR data, which place the earthquake on a fault striking 355 • and dipping 55 • east, with a rake of -98 • . The depth of the earthquake was constrained by a joint analysis of teleseismic P and SH waves and the CMT data set, showing that the earthquake occurred in the shallow crust, at approximately 8 km depth. Inversions of ENVISAT (Environment Satellite) and ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite) data place the earthquake at 9 km. A comparison of the scalar moment (9.43 ± 0.06 × 10 17 Nm from seismology and 8.99 ± 0.010 × 10 17 Nm from the joint InSAR solution) shows good agreement between the two data sets. Such an agreement is in contrast to the large discrepancies observed (up to an order of magnitude) in other places along the EAR where similar earthquake sequences are associated with magmatic intrusion. From this, we infer that the rupture was brittle and occurred with little aseismic deformation as might be expected from magma injection. Our results provide insights into the style of rifting occurring in the South Kivu Volcanic Province and hence will aid future studies on seismic risk in the context of Lake Kivu and underline the importance of systematic monitoring of the EAR area.

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“…Surprise Valley, northeastern California, is an active geothermal area located on the western edge of the Basin and Range extensional province and at the northern terminus of the Walker Lane dextral-slip belt (Egger et al, 2010). Hot and warm springs occur throughout the valley; the main locations are near Eagleville, Lake City, and Fort Bidwell on the western side; and at the Surprise Valley Hot Springs Resort (SVHS), Leonards hot spring, and Seyferth hot spring on the eastern side of the valley (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dominant structural control on thermal fluid flow appears to be the SVF, a major offset normal fault located along the eastern front of the Warner Mountains (Duffield and McKee, 1986;Egger et al, 2010). A number of authors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual geochemical model of the geothermal system at Surprise Valley, CA

Fowler

Ferguson

Cantwell

et al. 2018

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Characterizing the geothermal system at Surprise Valley (SV), northeastern California, is important for determining the sustainability of the energy resource, and mitigating hazards associated with hydrothermal eruptions that last occurred in 1951. Previous geochemical studies of the area attempted to reconcile different hot spring compositions on the western and eastern sides of the valley using scenarios of dilution, equilibration at low temperatures, surfaceevaporation, and differences in rock type along flow paths.These models were primarily supported using classical geothermometry methods, and generally assumed that fluids in the Lake City mud volcano area on the western side of the valley best reflect the composition of a deep geothermal fluid. In this contribution, we address controls on hot spring compositions using a different suite of geochemical tools, including optimized multicomponent geochemistry(GeoT) models, hot spring fluid major and trace element measurements, mineralogical observations, and stable isotope measurements of hot spring fluids and precipitated carbonates. We synthesize the results into a conceptual geochemical model of the Surprise Valley geothermal system, and show that high-temperature (quartz, Na/K, Na/K/Ca) classical geothermometers fail to predict maximum subsurface temperatures because fluids reequilibrated at progressively lower temperatures during outflow, including in the Lake City area. We propose a model where hot spring fluids originate as a mixture between a deep thermal brine and modern meteoric fluids, with a seasonally variable mixing ratio. The deep brine has deuterium values at least 3 to 4‰ lighter than any known groundwater or high-elevation snow previously measured in and adjacent to SV, temperature re-equilibration during west to east flow is the major control on hot spring fluid compositions, rather than dilution, evaporation, or differences in rock type.

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The northwestern margin of the Basin-and-Range Province, part 1: Reflection profiling of the moderate-angle (~30°) Surprise Valley Fault

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

A paleoseismic transect across the northwestern Basin and Range Province, northwestern Nevada and northeastern California, USA

A paleoseismic transect across the northwestern Basin and Range Province, northwestern Nevada and northeastern California, USA

Source parameters of the 2008 Bukavu-Cyangugu earthquake estimated from InSAR and teleseismic data

A conceptual geochemical model of the geothermal system at Surprise Valley, CA

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