The neuropathological effects resulting from the intrathecal injection of chemical substances

A massive intrathecal cefazoline overdose

“…The clinical sequelae observed confirm previously observed signs and symptoms of excessive intrathecal antibiotic administration in humans, i.e. paraplegia and convulsions [1]. Safe intrathecal concentrations for similar cephalosporines have been suggested between 50 and 100 μg mL −1 for cephalothin [2], between 100 and 250 μg mL −1 for cephaloridine [2–4] and ≈100 μg mL −1 for ceftazidime [5].…”

A massive intrathecal cefazoline overdose

“…The clinical sequelae observed confirm previously observed signs and symptoms of excessive intrathecal antibiotic administration in humans, i.e. paraplegia and convulsions [1]. Safe intrathecal concentrations for similar cephalosporines have been suggested between 50 and 100 μg mL −1 for cephalothin [2], between 100 and 250 μg mL −1 for cephaloridine [2–4] and ≈100 μg mL −1 for ceftazidime [5].…”

Spinal cord necrosis after intrathecal injection of methylene blue.

“…Although this paper is the first account of ischaemic damage to the spinal cord after intrathecal methylene blue, similar changes, including vessel wall fibrosis, meningeal thickening, acute arteritis, and spinal cord necrosis have been described after spinal anaesthesia or intrathecal alcohol injection (Brain and Russell, 1937; Green-Li L3 field et al, 1955;Wolman, 1966). No pathological accounts are available of spinal cord damage in patients surviving for long periods after intrathecal injection of methylene blue, but previous clinical accounts have shown that the recovery of neurological function is variable (Evans and Keegan, 1960).…”

“…A similar toxic reaction has been described after intrathecal alcohol (Wolman, 1966). Jensen et al (1962) claimed that mixing cerebrospinal fluid with methylene blue before injection would neutralise the action of the dye but Schultz and Schwarz (1970) found that damage still occurred with this mixture.…”

About the neurological sequelae of herniated intra vertebral disc

“…Funkquist and Obel ( I96 r ) described spinal cord and root impairments on the dog. Wolman (1966) found the same impairments in human pathology following sub-arachnoidal injections of anaesthetic products, such as phenol, alcohol or certain antibiotics.…”

A massive intrathecal cefazoline overdose

“…The clinical sequelae observed confirm previously observed signs and symptoms of excessive intrathecal antibiotic administration in humans, i.e. paraplegia and convulsions [1]. Safe intrathecal concentrations for similar cephalosporines have been suggested between 50 and 100 μg mL −1 for cephalothin [2], between 100 and 250 μg mL −1 for cephaloridine [2–4] and ≈100 μg mL −1 for ceftazidime [5].…”

Spinal cord necrosis after intrathecal injection of methylene blue.

“…Although this paper is the first account of ischaemic damage to the spinal cord after intrathecal methylene blue, similar changes, including vessel wall fibrosis, meningeal thickening, acute arteritis, and spinal cord necrosis have been described after spinal anaesthesia or intrathecal alcohol injection (Brain and Russell, 1937; Green-Li L3 field et al, 1955;Wolman, 1966). No pathological accounts are available of spinal cord damage in patients surviving for long periods after intrathecal injection of methylene blue, but previous clinical accounts have shown that the recovery of neurological function is variable (Evans and Keegan, 1960).…”

“…A similar toxic reaction has been described after intrathecal alcohol (Wolman, 1966). Jensen et al (1962) claimed that mixing cerebrospinal fluid with methylene blue before injection would neutralise the action of the dye but Schultz and Schwarz (1970) found that damage still occurred with this mixture.…”

About the neurological sequelae of herniated intra vertebral disc

“…Funkquist and Obel ( I96 r ) described spinal cord and root impairments on the dog. Wolman (1966) found the same impairments in human pathology following sub-arachnoidal injections of anaesthetic products, such as phenol, alcohol or certain antibiotics.…”

A massive intrathecal cefazoline overdose

“…The clinical sequelae observed confirm previously observed signs and symptoms of excessive intrathecal antibiotic administration in humans, i.e. paraplegia and convulsions [1]. Safe intrathecal concentrations for similar cephalosporines have been suggested between 50 and 100 μg mL −1 for cephalothin [2], between 100 and 250 μg mL −1 for cephaloridine [2–4] and ≈100 μg mL −1 for ceftazidime [5].…”

Spinal cord necrosis after intrathecal injection of methylene blue.

“…Although this paper is the first account of ischaemic damage to the spinal cord after intrathecal methylene blue, similar changes, including vessel wall fibrosis, meningeal thickening, acute arteritis, and spinal cord necrosis have been described after spinal anaesthesia or intrathecal alcohol injection (Brain and Russell, 1937; Green-Li L3 field et al, 1955;Wolman, 1966). No pathological accounts are available of spinal cord damage in patients surviving for long periods after intrathecal injection of methylene blue, but previous clinical accounts have shown that the recovery of neurological function is variable (Evans and Keegan, 1960).…”

“…A similar toxic reaction has been described after intrathecal alcohol (Wolman, 1966). Jensen et al (1962) claimed that mixing cerebrospinal fluid with methylene blue before injection would neutralise the action of the dye but Schultz and Schwarz (1970) found that damage still occurred with this mixture.…”

About the neurological sequelae of herniated intra vertebral disc

“…Funkquist and Obel ( I96 r ) described spinal cord and root impairments on the dog. Wolman (1966) found the same impairments in human pathology following sub-arachnoidal injections of anaesthetic products, such as phenol, alcohol or certain antibiotics.…”