The neural bases for valuing social equality

Aoki, Ryuichi; Yomogida, Yukihito; Matsumoto, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.020

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 100 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…dACC), reward processing (i.e. bilateral ventral striatum (VS) and ventrolmedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)) (For reviews, see Aoki et al, 2015;Fehr and Camerer, 2007;Feng et al, 2015;Gabay et al, 2014) were identified as ROIs. The peak MNI coordinates of these regions were extracted from activation maps generated from meta-analyses on "emotion", "conflict" and "reward" terms using the Neurosynth database (http://neurosynth.org; Yarkoni et al, 2011), which were independent from the current study.…”

Section: Ppi Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Fehr-Schmidt inequity-aversion model; Fehr and Schmidt, 1999), which extend our understanding on the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying inequity aversion under decontextualized experimental environments (i.e. general inequity aversion; For reviews, see Aoki et al, 2015;Fehr and Camerer, 2007;Feng et al, 2015;Gabay et al, 2014). As for the context-dependency of inequity aversion, an abundance of studies (For review, see Wang et al, 2015) focused on how individuals perceive and respond to unfair offers (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatial gradient in activity within the insula reflects dissociable neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion

Gao

Sáez

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans are capable of integrating social contextual information into decision-making processes to adjust their attitudes towards inequity. This context-dependency emerges both when individual is better off (i.e. advantageous inequity) and worse off (i.e. disadvantageous inequity) than others. It is not clear however, whether the context-dependent processing of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity rely on dissociable or shared neural mechanisms. Here, by combining an interpersonal interactive game that gave rise to interpersonal guilt and different versions of the dictator games that enabled us to characterize individual weights on aversion to advantageous and disadvantageous inequity, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the two forms of inequity aversion in the interpersonal guilt context. In each round, participants played a dot-estimation task with an anonymous co-player.The co-players received pain stimulation with 50% probability when anyone responded incorrectly. At the end of each round, participants completed a dictator game, which determined payoffs of him/herself and the co-player. Both computational model-based and model-free analyses demonstrated that when inflicting pain upon co-players (i.e., the guilt context), participants cared more about advantageous inequity and became less sensitive to disadvantageous inequity, compared with other social contexts. The contextual effects on two forms of inequity aversion are uncorrelated with each other at the behavioral level. Neuroimaging results revealed that the context-dependent representation of inequity aversion exhibited a spatial gradient in activity within the insula, with anterior parts predominantly involved in the aversion to advantageous inequity and posterior parts predominantly involved in the aversion to disadvantageous inequity. The dissociable mechanisms underlying the two forms of inequity aversion are further supported by the involvement of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in advantageous inequity processing, and the involvement of right amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in disadvantageous inequity processing. These results extended our understanding of decision-making processes involving inequity not peer-reviewed)

show abstract

Section: Ppi Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial gradient in activity within the insula reflects dissociable neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion

Gao

Sáez

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, we explored several other sources, including (1) direct searches on the names of frequently occurring authors, (2) the bibliography and citation indices of the pre-selected articles, and (3) the reference r Luo et al r r 442 r list of related reviews [Aoki et al, 2015;Du and Chang, 2015;Falk et al, 2012;Fehr and Camerer, 2007;Insel and Fernald, 2004;Izuma, 2013;Jankowski and Takahashi, 2014;Kedia et al, 2014b;Rilling and Sanfey, 2011;Ruff and Fehr, 2014;Swencionis and Fiske, 2014;Tricomi and Sullivan-Toole, 2015]. The search resulted into 119 potential studies, which were further assessed according to the following criteria: (i) subjects were free from psychiatric or neurological diagnoses and neuropharmacological influence; (ii) subjects performed tasks in the context of social comparison; (iii) fMRI was used as the imaging modality; (iv) whole-brain generallinear-model-based analyses (rather than region of interest [ROI] analyses) were applied; (v) statistical models for contrasts of downward/upward social comparison or relevant parametric analyses were reported; and (vi) activations were presented in a standardized stereotaxic space (Talairach or MNI).…”

Section: Literature Search and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons

Luo

Eickhoff

Hétu

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social comparison is ubiquitous across human societies with dramatic influence on people's well-being and decision making. Downward comparison (comparing to worse-off others) and upward comparison (comparing to better-off others) constitute two types of social comparisons that produce different neuropsychological consequences. Based on studies exploring neural signatures associated with downward and upward comparisons, the current study utilized a coordinate-based meta-analysis to provide a refinement of understanding about the underlying neural architecture of social comparison. We identified consistent involvement of the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in downward comparison and consistent involvement of the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in upward comparison. These findings fit well with the "common-currency" hypothesis that neural representations of social gain or loss resemble those for non-social reward or loss processing. Accordingly, we discussed our findings in the framework of general reinforcement learning (RL) hypothesis, arguing how social gain/loss induced by social comparisons could be encoded by the brain as a domain-general signal (i.e., prediction errors) serving to adjust people's decisions in social settings. Although the RL account may serve as a heuristic framework for the future research, other plausible accounts on the neuropsychological mechanism of social comparison were also acknowledged. Hum Brain Mapp 39:440-458, 2018.V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

“…Neuroscience experiments have explored egalitarian preferences 9 and compared the equality of self and equality among others 10, 11 and the equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes 12 but have not examined the decision on distributive equality. A recent study reported that a third-party judgement to distribute to the poor was associated with an individual choice of the safe lottery when selective attention to the worst-off (gambling/distribution) outcomes activated the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human pursuance of equality hinges on mental processes of projecting oneself into the perspectives of others and into future situations

Takesue

Miyauchi

Sakaiya

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the pursuance of equality, behavioural scientists disagree about distinct motivators, that is, consideration of others and prospective calculation for oneself. However, accumulating data suggest that these motivators may share a common process in the brain whereby perspectives and events that did not arise in the immediate environment are conceived. To examine this, we devised a game imitating a real decision-making situation regarding redistribution among income classes in a welfare state. The neural correlates of redistributive decisions were examined under contrasting conditions, with and without uncertainty, which affects support for equality in society. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the caudate nucleus were activated by equality decisions with uncertainty but by selfless decisions without uncertainty. Activation was also correlated with subjective values. Activation in both the dACC and the caudate nucleus was associated with the attitude to prefer accordance with others, whereas activation in the caudate nucleus reflected that the expected reward involved the prospective calculation of relative income. The neural correlates suggest that consideration of others and prospective calculation for oneself may underlie the support for equality. Projecting oneself into the perspective of others and into prospective future situations may underpin the pursuance of equality.

show abstract

The neural bases for valuing social equality

Cited by 20 publications

References 100 publications

Spatial gradient in activity within the insula reflects dissociable neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion

Spatial gradient in activity within the insula reflects dissociable neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion

Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons

Human pursuance of equality hinges on mental processes of projecting oneself into the perspectives of others and into future situations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About