The Most Common Lesions Detected by Neuroimaging as Causes of Epilepsy

Adamczyk, Bożena; Węgrzyn, Karolina; Wilczyński, Tomasz; Maciarz, Justyna; Morawiec, Natalia; Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika

doi:10.3390/medicina57030294

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, affects over 50 million people worldwide ( 1 ). It is characterized by chronic, unprovoked, and recurrent seizures ( 2 ). Epilepsy is usually complicated by numerous neurobiological disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychosocial ramifications, which lead to a severe economic burden and deterioration in the quality of life ( 1 – 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Mind and Empathy in Adults With Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Mounting evidence suggests that social cognitive abilities [including theory of mind (ToM) and empathy] are impaired in adult patients with epilepsy. Although the deficits in overall ToM in epilepsy have been documented well, the effects of epilepsy on empathic ability and specific subcomponents of ToM remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to provide the first meta-analytic integration of ToM and empathy in adult patients with epilepsy, and to decompose these constructs to clearly differentiate their distinct (cognitive ToM and affective empathy) and overlapping (affective ToM/cognitive empathy) components. This meta-analysis included 28 studies. Adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) showed impairments in cognitive ToM and affective ToM/cognitive empathy compared to the healthy controls (HCs); no group differences were identified for affective empathy. Besides, cognitive ToM was impaired in adult patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and focal seizures (caused by epileptogenic foci) outside the temporal and frontal lobes (extra-TLE/FLE) and no group differences were evident for affective ToM/cognitive empathy compared to the HCs. Moreover, relative to the HCs, no group differences were identified for affective empathy in adult patients with IGE. Additionally, no (statistically) significant difference was observed between the magnitude of ToM/empathy impairment in adult patients who underwent and those who did not undergo epilepsy surgery. These quantitative findings suggest differential impairment of the core aspects of social cognitive processing in adult patients with epilepsy, which may contribute to the development of structured cognitive interventions (i.e., social cognitive training) for adult patients with epilepsy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Mind and Empathy in Adults With Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…As this name implies, focal seizures tend to be associated with damage to a part of the brain in contrast to generalized seizures (not including generalized seizure resulting secondarily to partial seizures). The most common site of epileptogenic foci are structures within the medial temporal lobes and especially the hippocampus [112].…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Davidson,

Stevenson

2024

IJMS

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The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in multiple biomedical domains (i.e., neuroactive pathogens, neurotoxins, neurological conditions, trauma, aging, neurodegenerative disease, acquired brain injury, mental health conditions, endocrine disorders, developmental disabilities, nutrition) and to evaluate whether these insults affect the hippocampus first and more prominently compared to other brain loci. A second purpose is to consider the role of hippocampal blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in either causing or worsening the harmful effects of each insult. Recent research suggests that the hippocampal BBB is more fragile compared to other brain areas and may also be more prone to the disruption of the transport mechanisms that act to maintain the internal milieu. Moreover, a compromised BBB could be a factor that is common to many different types of insults. Our analysis indicates that the hippocampus is more vulnerable to insults compared to other parts of the brain, and that developing interventions that protect the hippocampal BBB may help to prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of many insults on memory and cognition.

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“… 16 - 19 Incorporating network analyses in such models could be helpful ( Figure 1B ). 20 - 22 For example, structural networks have shown promise in predicting seizure outcomes after surgery. 23 - 27 Specifically, more abnormalities remaining in structural networks spared by surgery correlated with post-operative seizure recurrence.…”

Section: Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Network Neuroscience Into Epilepsy Care: Progress, Barriers, and Next Steps

et al. 2022

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Drug resistant epilepsy is a disorder involving widespread brain network alterations. Recently, many groups have reported neuroimaging and electrophysiology network analysis techniques to aid medical management, support presurgical planning, and understand postsurgical seizure persistence. While these approaches may supplement standard tests to improve care, they are not yet used clinically or influencing medical or surgical decisions. When will this change? Which approaches have shown the most promise? What are the barriers to translating them into clinical use? How do we facilitate this transition? In this review, we will discuss progress, barriers, and next steps regarding the integration of brain network analysis into the medical and presurgical pipeline.

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The Most Common Lesions Detected by Neuroimaging as Causes of Epilepsy

Cited by 10 publications

References 77 publications

Theory of Mind and Empathy in Adults With Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

Theory of Mind and Empathy in Adults With Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Integrating Network Neuroscience Into Epilepsy Care: Progress, Barriers, and Next Steps

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