The Morality of Cosmetic Surgery for Aging

10 Ethics in Facial Plastic Surgery

“…exciting" and to "experience happier and more fulfilling lives than less attractive people." 16 While traditionally the primary goal of medicine has been health, and this remains the goal for most of Eastern and Western medicine, other goals may be just as important to the cosmetic surgery patient. Health maintenance alone may be insufficient.…”

Controversies in Sexual Medicine: Is Elective Vulvar Plastic Surgery Ever Warranted, and What Screening Should Be Conducted Preoperatively?

“…This means contributing to a patient's health. Numerous studies use the patient satisfaction ratings as a gauge of benefit [32,33]. This, however, converts the goal of medicine from healing to patient happiness.…”

“…patient, medical technology could be used to gratify almost any whim" [32]. In this largely market-driven part of cosmetic surgery, what will be the limiting factor for physicians who perform these surgeries?…”

Aging and cosmetic enhancement

“…It has been mooted by some researchers in the field that the preoccupation with appearance and the human body is partly due to these rapid technological advances (Jefferson 1976). According to Ringel (1998), biotechnological advances in such areas as laser surgery (which has shed its science fiction image and become a significant tool against aging skin [Greely 2000]), chemical peels, and liposuction have made it possible to erase signs of aging that previously were considered indelible.…”