The molecular and serological investigation of Feline immunodeficiency virus and Feline leukemia virus in stray cats of Western Turkey

Muz, Dilek; Can, Hüseyin; Karakavuk, Muhammet; Döşkaya, Mert; Özdemir, Hüseyin Gökhan; Döşkaya, Aysu Değirmenci; Şahar, Esra Atalay; Pektaş, Bayram; Karakuş, Mehmet; Töz, Seray; Özbel, Yusuf; Gürüz, Adnan Yüksel; Muz, Mustafa Necati

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101688

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Lower prevalence values than those highlighted by us were also found in Ireland, China, Asia, and Taiwan, with molecular positivity rates of 11.6%, 1.5%, and 5.2%, respectively [32,39,40]. Only in Turkey was FeLV detected with a much higher prevalence (69.7%) than in our study [35].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…FeLV infections cause severe disease in cats by damaging the immune system and causing malignant tumors. The virus is transmitted both horizontally and vertically, so the incidence of the disease may increase significantly in the future [35]. This infection is common worldwide, but the prevalence of the disease greatly varies between countries and regions and depends on the population studied and the diagnostic test used [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region)

Amoroso

Serra

Miletti

et al. 2022

Viruses

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From 2019 to 2021, a retrospective molecular study was conducted in the Campania region (southern Italy) to determine the prevalence of viral diseases in domestic cats. A total of 328 dead animals were analyzed by Real-Time PCR for the presence of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV), rotavirus (RVA), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), and feline calicivirus (FCV). The possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 was also investigated by Real-Time PCR. The cats included in this study were specifically sourced and referred by local veterinarians and local authorities to the Zooprofilactic Experimental Institute of Southern Italy (IZSM) for pathological evaluation. The samples consisted of owners, catteries, and stray cats. Results revealed: 73.5% positive cats for FPV (189/257), 23.6% for FeLV (21/89), 21.5% for FCoV (56/266), 11.4% for RVA (16/140), 9.05% for FeHV-1 (21/232), and 7.04 for FCV (15/213). In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was never detected. FPV was more prevalent in winter (p = 0.0027). FCoV FHV-1, FCV, and RVA predominated in autumn, whereas FeLV predominated in summer. As expected, viral infections were found more frequently in outdoor and shelter cats than in indoor ones, although no statistical association was found between animal lifestyle and viral presence. The study showed a high prevalence of FPV, FeLV, and FCoV and a moderate prevalence of RVA, FHV-1, and FCV. Moreover, the prevalence of these pathogens varied among the cat populations investigated.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region)

Amoroso

Serra

Miletti

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…One was performed in the U.S. and included 733 and 1143 unowned free-roaming cats subjected to a trap(–neuter–return) program in two cities in North Carolina and Florida between 1995 and 2000 [ 12 ]. The second one included 1008 cats admitted to a neutering unit in Western Turkey; the study was published in 2018, but we could not find a statement about when the cats had been sampled [ 13 ]. For both of these studies, no detailed geographic information was presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Investigation of Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Stray Cats Subjected to a Trap–Neuter–Return Program in Switzerland

Meli,

Pineroli,

Geisser

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) remains a serious concern in some countries despite advances in diagnostics and vaccines. FeLV-infected cats often have reduced lifespans due to FeLV-associated diseases. The infection is transmitted through social interactions. While Northern European countries have reported a decrease in FeLV among pet cats, Switzerland’s rates remain stagnant at 2.7% (2016/17: 95% CI 1.4–5.2%). Research on FeLV in Swiss stray cats has been lacking, even though these animals could serve as a virus reservoir. Sampling stray cats that do not receive regular veterinary care can be challenging. Collaboration with the Swiss Network for Animal Protection (NetAP) allowed for the prospective collection of saliva samples from 1711 stray cats during a trap–neuter–return program from 2019 to 2023. These samples were tested for FeLV RNA using RT-qPCR as a measure for antigenemia. Viral RNA was detected in 4.0% (95% CI 3.1–5.0%) of the samples, with 7.7% (95% CI 4.9–11.3%) in sick cats and 3.3% (95% CI 2.4–4.4%) in healthy ones. We identified three geographically independent hotspots with alarmingly high FeLV infection rates in stray cats (up to 70%). Overall, including the previous data of privately owned cats, FeLV-positive cats were scattered throughout Switzerland in 24/26 cantons. Our findings underscore welfare concerns for FeLV infections among stray cats lacking veterinary attention, highlighting the potential risk of infection to other free-roaming cats, including those privately owned. This emphasizes the critical significance of vaccinating all cats with outdoor access against FeLV and developing programs to protect cats from FeLV infections.

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“…Die beachtliche Anzahl an regressiv infizierten Katzen muss jedoch aufgrund der verwendeten Labormethoden kritisch betrachtet werden. 1,6 % (16/1008) besaßen ausschließlich FeLV-anti-gp70-Antikörper und wurden als abortiv infiziert bezeichnet [44].…”

Section: Prävalenzunclassified

Infektion mit dem felinen Leukämievirus – der Weg zur Diagnose

Giselbrecht

Bergmann

Hofmann‐Lehmann

et al. 2022

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere

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ZusammenfassungDie Infektion mit dem felinen Leukämievirus (FeLV) kommt bei Katzen weltweit vor. Der Verlauf einer Infektion kann unterschiedlich sein und sich über die Zeit verändern. Die komplexe Pathogenese, die Verfügbarkeit vieler verschiedener Testverfahren und die Interpretation der Testergebnisse stellen Tierärzte oftmals vor eine Herausforderung. Katzen mit einer progressiven Infektion (persistierend p27-Antigen-positiv) scheiden FeLV vorwiegend über den Speichel aus und gelten daher als Ansteckungsquelle für andere nicht infizierte Katzen. Schwieriger zu erkennen sind Katzen mit einer regressiven Infektion, da sie mit herkömmlichen Schnelltests (p27-Antigentest) in der Regel nicht erfasst werden und unerkannt bleiben. Dennoch sind diese Katzen FeLV-Träger (Provirus-positiv) und bei Schwächung des Immunsystems kann es zu einer Reaktivierung der Infektion und FeLV-assoziierten klinischen Symptomen kommen. Abortiv infizierte Katzen sind zu keinem Zeitpunkt virämisch, scheiden kein Virus aus und entwickeln keine klinischen Symptome. Eine abortive Infektion kann nur durch den Nachweis von Antikörpern im Blut diagnostiziert werden. Ein neuer Schnelltest zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen FeLV-p15E-Antigen wurde kürzlich auf dem europäischen Markt eingeführt und wird gerade evaluiert.

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The molecular and serological investigation of Feline immunodeficiency virus and Feline leukemia virus in stray cats of Western Turkey

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region)

A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region)

Prospective Investigation of Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Stray Cats Subjected to a Trap–Neuter–Return Program in Switzerland

Infektion mit dem felinen Leukämievirus – der Weg zur Diagnose

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