The migration of tobacco-specific nitrosamines into the saliva of chewers of nicotine-containing chewing gum

Chemical Composition of Aerosol from an E-Cigarette: A Quantitative Comparison with Cigarette Smoke

“…Per-puff emissions from the e-cigarette were 99.8% lower than those from Ky3R4F. The likely source of NNN is an impurity in the Pharmacopoeia-standard nicotine used in the e-cigarette …”

“…Nicotine-related impurities might be expected at low levels in ecigarette emissions 76 because they are permitted impurities in European Pharmacopeia standard nicotine. 77 Anabasine, anatabine, β-nicotyrine, cotinine, myosmine, nicotine-N-oxide, and nornicotine are allowed individually at levels up to 0.3%, together with 0.1% of unspecified impurities, as long as the total impurity level does not exceed 0.8%. 28 Our analysis showed the presence of most of these impurities in the e-cigarette aerosol.…”

Chemical Composition of Aerosol from an E-Cigarette: A Quantitative Comparison with Cigarette Smoke

“…Per-puff emissions from the e-cigarette were 99.8% lower than those from Ky3R4F. The likely source of NNN is an impurity in the Pharmacopoeia-standard nicotine used in the e-cigarette …”

“…Nicotine-related impurities might be expected at low levels in ecigarette emissions 76 because they are permitted impurities in European Pharmacopeia standard nicotine. 77 Anabasine, anatabine, β-nicotyrine, cotinine, myosmine, nicotine-N-oxide, and nornicotine are allowed individually at levels up to 0.3%, together with 0.1% of unspecified impurities, as long as the total impurity level does not exceed 0.8%. 28 Our analysis showed the presence of most of these impurities in the e-cigarette aerosol.…”

Biochemistry, Biology, and Carcinogenicity of Tobacco-Specific N -Nitrosamines

“…Are tobacco-specific nitrosamines found in products other than tobacco products? Other than the detection of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in nicotine chewing gum (442), there is no published evidence for this. The specificity of tobacco-specific nitrosamines for tobacco products is important when considering the exposure of nonsmokers to carcinogens in environmental tobacco smoke.…”

Chewing Gum—Facts and Fiction: a Review of Gum-Chewing and Oral Health

“…Examples of systemic drug delivery attempted by mucosal absorption to avoid the liver-first-pass effect are chewing gums marketed to assist patients in smoking cessation, such as Tabmint® containing silver acetate or Nicorette® containing nicotine (Nebot et al, 1990;Osterdahl, 1990;Johnson et al, 1992).…”

Chemical Composition of Aerosol from an E-Cigarette: A Quantitative Comparison with Cigarette Smoke

“…Per-puff emissions from the e-cigarette were 99.8% lower than those from Ky3R4F. The likely source of NNN is an impurity in the Pharmacopoeia-standard nicotine used in the e-cigarette …”

“…Nicotine-related impurities might be expected at low levels in ecigarette emissions 76 because they are permitted impurities in European Pharmacopeia standard nicotine. 77 Anabasine, anatabine, β-nicotyrine, cotinine, myosmine, nicotine-N-oxide, and nornicotine are allowed individually at levels up to 0.3%, together with 0.1% of unspecified impurities, as long as the total impurity level does not exceed 0.8%. 28 Our analysis showed the presence of most of these impurities in the e-cigarette aerosol.…”

Biochemistry, Biology, and Carcinogenicity of Tobacco-Specific N -Nitrosamines

“…Are tobacco-specific nitrosamines found in products other than tobacco products? Other than the detection of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in nicotine chewing gum (442), there is no published evidence for this. The specificity of tobacco-specific nitrosamines for tobacco products is important when considering the exposure of nonsmokers to carcinogens in environmental tobacco smoke.…”

Chewing Gum—Facts and Fiction: a Review of Gum-Chewing and Oral Health

“…Examples of systemic drug delivery attempted by mucosal absorption to avoid the liver-first-pass effect are chewing gums marketed to assist patients in smoking cessation, such as Tabmint® containing silver acetate or Nicorette® containing nicotine (Nebot et al, 1990;Osterdahl, 1990;Johnson et al, 1992).…”

Chemical Composition of Aerosol from an E-Cigarette: A Quantitative Comparison with Cigarette Smoke

“…Per-puff emissions from the e-cigarette were 99.8% lower than those from Ky3R4F. The likely source of NNN is an impurity in the Pharmacopoeia-standard nicotine used in the e-cigarette …”

“…Nicotine-related impurities might be expected at low levels in ecigarette emissions 76 because they are permitted impurities in European Pharmacopeia standard nicotine. 77 Anabasine, anatabine, β-nicotyrine, cotinine, myosmine, nicotine-N-oxide, and nornicotine are allowed individually at levels up to 0.3%, together with 0.1% of unspecified impurities, as long as the total impurity level does not exceed 0.8%. 28 Our analysis showed the presence of most of these impurities in the e-cigarette aerosol.…”

Biochemistry, Biology, and Carcinogenicity of Tobacco-Specific N -Nitrosamines

“…Are tobacco-specific nitrosamines found in products other than tobacco products? Other than the detection of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in nicotine chewing gum (442), there is no published evidence for this. The specificity of tobacco-specific nitrosamines for tobacco products is important when considering the exposure of nonsmokers to carcinogens in environmental tobacco smoke.…”

Chewing Gum—Facts and Fiction: a Review of Gum-Chewing and Oral Health

“…Examples of systemic drug delivery attempted by mucosal absorption to avoid the liver-first-pass effect are chewing gums marketed to assist patients in smoking cessation, such as Tabmint® containing silver acetate or Nicorette® containing nicotine (Nebot et al, 1990;Osterdahl, 1990;Johnson et al, 1992).…”