The microbiology of bacterial vaginosis

Hill, Gale B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90339-k

Cited by 253 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Lactobacillus crispatus is found frequently in normal flora but at much lower levels in subjects with BV, whereas L. inners is found in subjects with and without BV [45]. In terms of the number of bacteria present in the genital tract, there can be greater than 10 8 lactobacilli/ml in CVL samples in women with healthy vaginal flora [40,44,46]. The number of bacteria present in the genital tract of women with BV can be equal to or much greater than 10 8 bacterial counts/ml and composed of a variety of bacterial species including Prevotella species, Atopobium species, and Megasphaera species [39,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dendritic cell activation and maturation induced by mucosal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

John

Martinson

Simões

et al. 2007

Clinical Immunology

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Dendritic cells (DC) at mucosal surfaces mature when exposed to "danger" signals such as LPS. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a prevalent alteration of the vaginal bacterial flora associated with preterm childbirth and increased risk for HIV acquisition. We examined the effect of mucosal fluid from women with BV or healthy flora on DC function. IL-12, IL-23 and p40 production by monocytederived dendritic cells (MDDC) were all induced by BV samples. Activation/maturation markers HLA-DR, CD40, and CD83 on MDDC incubated with BV CVL were also induced. BV CVL also decreased the endocytic ability of MDDC and increased proliferation of T-cells in allogeneic MLR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) CD86 expression was induced by BV CVL. Healthy flora CVL had little effect in any of the tests. This study suggests that BV, but not healthy flora, affects local dendritic cell function in vivo suggesting a mechanism through which BV affects mucosal immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Multiple bacteria species are present in BV flora [9,[39][40][41], while normal flora species consist predominantly of lactobacilli [42,43]. Therefore, the results suggest that DC recognize products released by bacteria responsible for BV but not those released by lactobacilli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic cell activation and maturation induced by mucosal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis

John

Martinson

Simões

et al. 2007

Clinical Immunology

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“…Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common clinical condition characterized by a dramatic increase in both bacterial species diversity and overall bacterial burden. Bacteria that predominate the vaginal microbiota during BV include Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas species, as well as Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus species, BV-associated bacteria BVAB1-3 and Atopobium vaginae (Fredricks et al, 2005;Hill, 1993;Hillier et al, 1993;Srinivasan et al, 2012;Thorsen et al, 1998;Zhou et al, 2004). Women with BV are at increased risk for preterm birth, acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, and pelvic inflammatory disease (Cherpes et al, 2003;Hillier et al, 1995;Martin et al, 1999;Ness et al, 2004;Sobel, 2000;Wiesenfeld et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Lactobacillus crispatus isolates from Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiomes with isolates from microbiomes containing bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria

et al. 2016

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Vaginal lactobacilli can inhibit colonization by and growth of other bacteria, thereby preventing development of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Amongst the lactobacilli, Lactobacillus crispatus appears to be particularly effective at inhibiting growth of BV-associated bacteria. Nonetheless, some women who are colonized with this species can still develop clinical BV. Therefore, we sought to determine whether strains of L. crispatus that colonize women with lactobacillidominated vaginal microbiomes are distinct from strains that colonize women who develop BV. The genomes of L. crispatus isolates from four women with lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiomes (,1 % 16S rRNA reads above threshold from genera other than Lactobacillus) and four women with microbiomes containing BV-associated bacteria (.12 % 16S rRNA reads from bacterial taxa associated with BV) were sequenced and compared. Lactic acid production by the different strains was quantified. Phage induction in the strains was also analysed. There was considerable genetic diversity between strains, and several genes were exclusive to either the strains from Lactobacillus-dominated microbiomes or those containing BV-associated bacteria. Overall, strains from microbiomes dominated by lactobacilli did not differ from strains from microbiomes containing BV-associated bacteria with respect to lactic acid production. All of the strains contained multiple phage, but there was no clear distinction between the presence or absence of BV-associated bacteria with respect to phage-induced lysis. Genes found to be exclusive to the Lactobacillus-dominated versus BV-associated bacteria-containing microbiomes could play a role in the maintenance of vaginal health and the development of BV, respectively.

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“…Bacterial vaginosis (BV), an infection caused by an overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis, mixed anaerobes, and/or genital mycoplasms, 1 is the most common vaginal syndrome in reproductive-age women. In the typical clinic setting, both during and outside of pregnancy, women are only tested for BV if symptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%