The mechanical behavior of skin: Structures and models for the finite element analysis

Benítez, José María; Montáns, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.compstruc.2017.05.003

Cited by 122 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 394 publications

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“…Skin modeling and simulation is an active research field which benefits from the use of advanced numerical techniques. For detailed simulations, the finite element method is typically employed to solve complex models that attempt to closely resemble real biological behavior (see, e.g., [8,27,29]). In such simulations, especially for three-dimensional models, the use of efficient algorithms and large distributed-memory clusters becomes mandatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel 3d shape optimization for cellular composites on large distributed-memory clusters

Pinzon

Siebenborn

Vogel

2020

JASSE

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Skin modeling is an ongoing research area that highly benefits from modern parallel algorithms. This article aims at applying shape optimization to compute cell size and arrangement for elastic energy minimization of a cellular composite material model for the upper layer of the human skin. A gradient-penalized shape optimization algorithm is employed and tested on the distributed-memory cluster Hazel Hen, HLRS, Germany. The performance of the algorithm is studied in two benchmark tests. First, cell structures are optimized with respect to purely geometric aspects. The model is then extended such that the composite is optimized to withstand applied deformations. In both settings, the algorithm is investigated in terms of weak and strong scalability. The results for the geometric test reflect Kelvin's conjecture that the optimal space-filling design of cells with minimal surface is given by tetrakaidecahedrons.The PDE-constrained test case is chosen in order to demonstrate the influence of the deformation gradient penalization on fine inter-cellular channels in the composite and its influence on the multigrid convergence. A scaling study is presented for up to 12,288 cores and 3 billion DoFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel 3d shape optimization for cellular composites on large distributed-memory clusters

Pinzon

Siebenborn

Vogel

2020

JASSE

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“…The inverse Langevin function is frequently used in fields like polymer science [1,2,3], rubber hyperelasticity [4,5] and biomechanics [6]. In these contexts, a single molecular chain can be modeled as a freely-joined chain (FJC), which is composed of n linked rigid segments of equal length l, randomly coiled, so that L = nl is the contour length of the chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and efficient numerical procedure to compute the inverse Langevin function with high accuracy

Benítez

Montáns

2018

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

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“…It can be divided into three layered which are epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. These three layers have an extracellular proteinic matrix (ECM) in which it consists of three classes of biomolecules which are structural protein, specialized protein and proteoglycans and different cells apart of other structures such as blood vessels, glands, nerves and hair [3,4]. The epidermis is an outer layer in which cover all layered of our skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of epidermis is about 0.05 mm (eyelids) to 0.8-1.5 mm (thicker in palms and soles) which consists of keratinocytes and 5% of other cells such as melanocytes, Merkel cells and Langerhans. The keratinocytes are cells that produce keratin which is cytoskeletal filament and also protective protein [3]. The epidermis which is the outermost layer is the dominant factor when determining the properties of the skin such as the tensile strength of skin, depending on the size and degree of crosslinking of the collagen framework [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Stress Analysis of Skin (Bovine) and Synthetic Skin (Silicone) under Low Impact Loading : a Review and Framework

Adnan

Mahmud

Yahaya

2018

IJET

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Skin performs multiple important functions for our body and that might be the main reason for it complex structure and unique mechanical behaviour. There have been a lot of studies about skin mechanical behaviour but skin deformation behaviour and its dynamic stress under low impact loading is still not well understood. This paper aims to review past research related to skin investigation, which ultimately leads to proposing a research framework in determining the dynamic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading. In the first stage, the literatures related to skin substitutes and skin hyperelastic properties were reviewed, summarise d and reported. The past research related to numerical analysis using hyperelastic constitutive models such as Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden model to quantify skin mechanical behaviour were discussed. Next, the literatures related to determining dynamic stress as well as the specimen specification were reviewed and reported. Finally, based on these reviews, a research framework to determine the dyn amic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading is proposed. The information provided in this paper could contribute significant fundamental knowledge about skin behaviour and the preparation to perform experiments in understanding the dynamic stress of skin under low impact loading.

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The mechanical behavior of skin: Structures and models for the finite element analysis

Cited by 122 publications

References 394 publications

Parallel 3d shape optimization for cellular composites on large distributed-memory clusters

Parallel 3d shape optimization for cellular composites on large distributed-memory clusters

A simple and efficient numerical procedure to compute the inverse Langevin function with high accuracy

Dynamic Stress Analysis of Skin (Bovine) and Synthetic Skin (Silicone) under Low Impact Loading : a Review and Framework

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