The measurement of loudness in individual children and adults by absolute magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching

Collins, Amy A.; Gescheider, George A.

doi:10.1121/1.397854

Cited by 63 publications

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“…The obtained power of 0.99 was very close to 1.0, such as observed in studies in which such estimates of magnitudes are matched to line-length (13)(14) . The equivalence between the empirical and the predicted power, when two modalities are used, is an evidence of confirmation of Steven's Power Law (13) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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Multidimensional pain evaluation scale

Sousa

Pereira

Cardoso

et al. 2010

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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This study developed a pain evaluation scale and validated it for the Portuguese language.Development of the inventory -308 readily available pain descriptors -were searched in international literature and validated by six judges. One hundred descriptors of acute pain and 100 descriptors of chronic pain were found, which were used in the next stage. Statistical validation -493 health professionals and 146 patients experiencing acute and chronic pain participated in the study. Instructions, pain descriptors and respective definitions, pen and measuring tape were provided to participants. Psychophysical methods were used to establish categories, magnitude and cross-modality matching using line-length. Results revealed the ranking of the most frequently used descriptors of acute and chronic pain, with power equal to 0.99, close to the predicted (one), using line-length estimations. The Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale is thus validated for the Portuguese language. Escala Multidimensional de Evaluación del Dolor (EMEDOR)Los objetivos de este estudio fueron elaborar una escala de evaluación del dolor y validarla para la lengua portuguesa. Elaboración de inventario -fueron investigados 308 descriptores del dolor en la literatura mundial y, a partir de estos, seis jueces realizaron la validación aparente y de contenido. Como resultados fueron encontrados 100 descriptores del dolor agudo y 100 del crónico, los cuales fueron utilizados en la próxima etapa. Validación estadística -participaron 493 profesionales de la salud y 146 portadores de dolor agudo y de crónico. Se usó, como material, instrucciones a los participantes, descriptores de dolor y sus definiciones, lápiz y cinta de medir. Fueron utilizados métodos psicofísicos: estimación de categorías, estimación de magnitudes y emparejamiento intermodal con modalidad en largo de líneas. Los resultados muestran escalonamiento de los descriptores de mayor caracterización para el dolor agudo y para el dolor crónico, fue encontrado exponente igual a 0,99, próximo al predicho (uno) al utilizar el largo de líneas y estimativas numéricas. Fue validado para la lengua portuguesa la Escala Multidimensional de Evaluación del Dolor (EMEDOR).Descriptores: Descriptores; Dolor; Dimensión del Dolor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Studies have used line-length, matching them to other modalities such as brightness and loudness and the found prediction was nearly perfect (14)(15) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional pain evaluation scale

Sousa

Pereira

Cardoso

et al. 2010

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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“…Several investigators have studied the individual differences among subjects performing magnitude estimation. Ofparticular interest are the results ofCollins and Gescheider (1989), who found that the ME exponents for loudness and line length were correlated within a group of subjects (but see M. R. Teghtsoonian, 1971, 1983), so that the standard deviation of each exponent (adults: loudness-0.155, line length-0.582), was larger than the standard deviation of their ratio (loudness/line length-0.039).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distortion is particularly apparent when one is measuring psychophysical functions for a modality by using magnitude estimation and magnitude production. The traditional practice is to estimate the unbiased exponent by taking the geometric mean of the ME and MP exponents (see, e.g., Collins & Gescheider, 1989 Finger Span (em) Figure 5. Cross-modal matching data from each subject in the second experiment ofthe present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, is there a difference between perceived span when the fingers are touching an object or not? To address these questions, I chose to follow the general methods of Jastrow (1886), Mashhour and Hosman (1968), and Chan et al (1990), and use mainly the simplest and most direct comparison of perceived span and length-eross-modal matchingto avoid variability introduced by individual differences in assigning numbers (see, e.g., Collins & Gescheider, 1989), or the tendency of subjects to use numbers corresponding to physical units of length (R. rather than sensation magnitude. In the first experiment, I also used a method in which the fingers were not in contact with test objects (bars, rods, or blocks) or a measuring device (sliding carriage), eliminating any information based on tactile cues.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cross-modality matches of finger span and line length

Doren

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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Perceived finger span-the perceived spatial separation between the tip ofthe thumb and the tip of the index finger-was measured by using cross-modal matching to line length. In the first experiment, subjects adjusted finger span to match the length of line segments presented on a video monitor, and conversely, with both hands. Subjects also made estimates of finger span in physical units ("dead reckoning"). Finger spans were measured by using infrared LEDs mounted on the tip of the thumb and the finger tip, so the hand made no contact with any object during the experiment. Unlike in previous studies, the results suggest that perceived finger span is proportional to line length and slightly shorter than the actual span, provided that corrections are made for regression bias. The effect of finger contact was assessed in a second experiment by matching line length both to free span and to spans constrained by the pinching of blocks in the same session. The matching function when subjects were pinching blocks was accelerating, consistent with previous reports. In contrast, matched line length was a decelerating function of free span. The exponent of the free span matching function in the second experiment was slightly smaller than in the first experiment, probably due to uncorrected matching biases in the second experiment.A person usually has no difficulty reaching for a glass of water and picking it up. It can be done even with the eyes closed after a couple of tries. There is, obviously, exquisite motor control based on visual and somatosensory information. But do the different sensory modalities tell us the same thing? For example, does the glass look as big as it feels? The question does not seem that interesting at first-surely the perceived size of the glass does not depend on whether it is looked at or is held in the hand. Experimentally, though, the answer depends on how the equivalence of size is measured. Magnitude estimates of span are nearly linear with respect to the actual distance between the tips of the index fingers of two hands held apart (Gogel, Wist, & Harker, 1963;Stanley, 1966;M. Teghtsoonian & R. Teghtsoonian, 1965). But the bulk of the experimental evidence suggests in contrast that the span perceived between the tips of the thumb and index finger of the same hand is a nonlinear function of the actual distance, is not veridical, and is not commensurate with perceived visual size.Jastrow (1886) provided the first such evidence by having subjects adjust finger span by sliding a movable carriage held between the thumb and index finger to match the length ofa viewed line (0.5-12 ern); or, to seThe author would like to thank Robert Teghtsoonian and Calvin Garbin for reviewing the manuscript and making many helpful comments and suggestions; Purwanto Suwondo, Lisa Menia, Jennifer Evans, and Michael Haines for technical assistance and data collection; and Robert Montz for making the blocks used in the second experiment. This work was funded by Grant NS27958 from the National Institutes of Health. Co...

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Psychophysical Scaling

Marks¹,

Gescheider²

2002

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology

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Psychophysical scaling refers to the process of quantifying psychological events, especially sensations and perceptions. Scaling requires both a set of empirical operations and a theoretical framework to derive the quantitative values or representations. The chapter treats scaling as it is accomplished through discrimination, partition, and magnitude methods, in each case considering how the relevant data are obtained, how the scales depend on the particular theoretical assumptions, and the extent to which findings are compatible with those assumptions. With partition and magnitude methods in particular, it is important to consider the ways that nonlinear response transformations may intervene between underlying perceptual scales and overt responses; within this framework, the chapter reviews the experimental and methodological variables that affect overt psychophysical responses, as well as theories that seek to validate various approaches to scaling. Detailed examples are given of the design and analysis of two experiments, one of which used a partition method (graphic rating) and the other a magnitude method (magnitude estimation), to study binaural summation of loudness, thereby illuminating many of the important experimental and theoretical issues while at the same time revealing the pragmatic value of using scaling methodology to study sensory and perceptual processes.

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The measurement of loudness in individual children and adults by absolute magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Multidimensional pain evaluation scale

Multidimensional pain evaluation scale

Cross-modality matches of finger span and line length

Psychophysical Scaling

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