The Mast Cell in Interstitial Cystitis: Role in Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis

Sant, Grannum R.; Kempuraj, Duraisamy; Marchand, James E.; Theoharides, Theoharis C.

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.1109

Cited by 260 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…It can be said that the mast cells at some point contribute to the pathology of inflammation instead of playing a beneficial role in host defense. Also increased number of activated mast cells have been described in inflammatory urinary bladder conditions like IC [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The morphological and biochemical investigation of prenatal electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in rats

Kiran¹,

Tok²,

Şehirli³

et al. 2017

Marmara Medical Journal

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The morphological and biochemical investigation of electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in prenatal ratsPrenatal sıçan mesanesi üzerine elektromanyetik dalganın etkilerinin morfolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak incelenmesi ÖZ Amaçlar: Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital mobil telefonlarından gelen ve en yüksek spesifik absorbsiyon oranı (Specific Absorbtion Rate-SAR) değeri 1,79W/kg olan dijital selüler sistem (DSS) 1800-MHz radyasyonunun erkek sıçan mesanesi üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlara mobil telefondan stand-by (Stand-by Fetal grup) ya da kesintisiz iletim modunda yayılan elektromagnetik dalga (EMD Fetal grup), günde 2 saat, embriyonik 14. günden doğuma kadar ya da doğumdan sonraki 60. güne kadar (Stand-by ve EMD grupları) uygulanmıştır. Deney gruplarındaki tüm hayvanların mesaneleri postnatal 60. günde eter anestezisi altında alınmış ve ışık ve elektron mikroskopik değerlendirmeler için hazırlanmıştır. Ürotelyumun bariyer fonkisyonu zonula okludens 1 ve E-kaderin immunhistokimyası ve transmisyon elektron mikroskobik inceleme için rutenyum kırmızısı boyaması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Oksidatif hasar biyokimyasal teknikler ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Elektromagnetik dalga grubunda, ürotelyum dökülmeleri, mast hücre sayısında artış, sıkı bağlantılarda hasar ve interselüler alanda genişlemeler gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, tüm gruplarda malondialdehit seviyesinde yükselme ve glutatyon seviyesinde düşüş gözlenmiştir.Sonuç: Elektromagnetik dalga, maruz kalınan yoğunluk ve süreye paralel olarak, gelişim sürecindeki mesane üzerine olumsuz etki yapmaktadır. Bu değişiklikler mesanede enflamatuvar hastalıklara sebep olabilir.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The morphological and biochemical investigation of prenatal electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in rats

Kiran¹,

Tok²,

Şehirli³

et al. 2017

Marmara Medical Journal

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“…Consequently, urinary solutes penetrate the epithelium and activate sensory nerve endings, leading to pain and inflammation [1]. Interstitial cystitis involves primarily changes in urothelial permeability, along with mast cell activation and neurogenic inflammation [11], but the underlying pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis is incompletely understood. This indefiniteness gives difficulties in developing animal models, and until recently bladder inflammation, urethra inflammation, stimuli in lower urinary tract, mechanical bulge within uterus or vagina have been presented as animal models of cystitis with pain and inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Aquaporin-3 in Cyclophosphamide Treated rat Bladder

et al. 2010

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Purpose:The expression of Nitric oxide Synthase (NOS) and aquaporin (AQP) water channels in rat bladder is recently reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS), aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) in cyclophosphamide (CYP) induced rat bladder. Materials and Methods:The 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cystitis group (n=20) and control group (n=12). In cystitis group, 100mg/kg CYP was injected every second day for 1 week whereas in control group, normal saline was injected. After extracting of the bladder and dividing dome, body and trigone of the bladder, independently H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining for iNOS and AQP-3 were performed. Expressions of iNOS and AQP-3 were analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope and an image analyzer. Results: The expression of iNOS significantly increased in the mucosa, submucosa layer of dome in cystitis group (p<0.05). The expression of AQP-3 significantly increased in the mucosa, submucosa, vessel layer of dome in cystitis group (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that inflammatory change activates NOS and AQP-3 expression in the bladder tissue of rats. These may imply that NOS and AQP-3 have a pathophyiological role in the cyclophophamide induced interstitial cystitis. Further study on the NOS and AQP-3 in bladder is needed for clinical application.

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“…83 Bladder biopsies of BPS/IC patients reported previously confirmed the involvement and presence of eosinophils and macrophages in the urothelium, and mast cells in the detrusor muscle. 31 Urinary cytology analyses also showed increased urinary eosinophil cationic protein in the urines of Biomarkers for interstitial cystitis BPS/IC patients. 84 Additionally, mast cells are considered crucial effector cells for the immune response implicated in the pathogenesis of BPS/IC.…”

Section: Urinary Proteomics In the Differential Diagnosis Between Oabmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…25 Thinning and denudation of the bladder urothelium, altered synthesis of several proteoglycans, cell adhesion and tight junction proteins, and bacterial defense molecules, such as GP51, are found in the bladder tissues of patients with BPS/IC. [26][27][28][29] In addition, mast cells infiltrate into the bladder urothelium and detrusor muscle of patients with BPS/IC, 30,31 showing that the disease is mediated by an abnormality of the immune system. 32 We recently found that urothelial homeostasis in BPS/IC bladders was impaired, and abnormal urothelial function was significantly associated with chronic inflammation.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Bps/ic and Other Bladder Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential urine and serum biomarkers for patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis

Kuo

2014

Int J of Urology

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Abbreviations & Acronyms APF = antiproliferative factor BPS/IC = bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis BUC = bladder urothelial cells CRP = C-reactive protein EGF = epidermal growth factor GP51 = glycoprotein 51 HB-EGF = heparin binding growth factor-like growth factor IC = interstitial cystitis IL = interleukin MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein-1 MIP-1β = macrophage inflammatory protein OAB = overactive bladder NGF = nerve growth factor NIDDK = National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α ZO-1 = zonula occludens-1 Abstract: There is a lack of consensus on the pathophysiology of bladder pain syndrome/ interstitial cystitis. The chronic pain symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis refractory to local treatment could be a result of central nervous system sensitization and persisting abnormalities in the bladder wall, which activate the afferent sensory system. Evidence also shows that bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a heterogeneous syndrome and that the two subtypes, the ulcerative (classic) and non-ulcerative types, represent different disease entities. There is a need for non-invasive markers for the differential diagnoses of the subtypes of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, and between bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and bladder sensory disorders, such as hypersensitive bladder syndrome or overactive bladder. Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, but not overactive bladder, involves an aberrant differentiation program in the bladder urothelium that leads to altered synthesis of several proteoglycans, cell adhesion and tight junction proteins, and bacterial defense molecules. These findings have led to the rationale for identifying urinary biomarkers to detect bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in patients with frequency urgency syndrome. Recently, the markers that have been the focus of the most research are antiproliferative factor, epidermal growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, glycosaminoglycans and bladder nitric oxide. In addition, inflammatory proteins in the urine and serum play important roles in the pathogenesis of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. The urinary proteome is an easily accessible source of biomarkers for differentiation between inflammatory bladder disorders. Analysis of multiple urinary proteins and serum cytokines could provide a diagnostic basis for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, and could be a tool for the differential diagnosis of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and other sensory bladder disorders.

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The Mast Cell in Interstitial Cystitis: Role in Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis

Cited by 260 publications

References 75 publications

The morphological and biochemical investigation of prenatal electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in rats

The morphological and biochemical investigation of prenatal electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in rats

Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Aquaporin-3 in Cyclophosphamide Treated rat Bladder

Potential urine and serum biomarkers for patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis

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