The mammary gland as a target organ for infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

Kennedy‐Stoskopf, Suzanne; Narayan, Opendra; Strandberg, John D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(85)90030-1

Cited by 71 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Whether the phenomenon is relevant to transmission of virus is open to speculation. However, it is known that infected macrophages in milk are the source of virus for nursing animals (Kennedy-Stoskopf et al, 1985 ;Lerondelle et al, 1989). More recently, we demonstrated that ex vivo culture of milk epithelial cells from a naturally infected goat generated a persistently infected epithelial cell culture, while cultures from one infected and two non-infected goats were not infected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine lentivirus-infected macrophages mediate productive infection in cell types that are not susceptible to infection with cell-free virus.

Singh

Chebloune

Mselli-Lakhal

et al. 1999

Journal of General Virology

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Ovine lentiviruses and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) are prototypic lentiviruses that replicate predominantly in macrophages of infected animals. In situ hybridization of pathologically affected tissues from diseased animals has shown that viral RNA exists in permissive macrophages as well as in non-macrophage cell types that do not support productive virus replication. These findings raise questions about the cellular tropism of these viruses in vivo and how this may relate to their pathogenesis and the establishment of persistent infections. In this study, the susceptibility of macrophages and fibro-epithelial cells derived from goat synovial membrane (GSM) to infection by 14 North American ovine lentivirus strains was examined. All 14 strains were macrophagetropic, as indicated by expression of viral proteins and by fusion and development of syncytial cytopathic effects following co-culture of infected macrophages with GSM cells. In contrast, neither viral DNA nor viral proteins was detected in GSM cells inoculated with cell-free virus from nine of the 14 strains. Specific virus proteins were immunoprecipitated from restrictive GSM cells following culture with infected macrophages and serial passage of GSM cells to remove the macrophages. The lack of infection of GSM cells by cell-free virus from some ovine lentivirus field strains was circumvented by cell-associated virus infection from infected macrophages to GSM cells following cell-to-cell contact. This strategy could be one of the mechanisms involved in the escape from immune surveillance and establishment of persistent infection in infected animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine lentivirus-infected macrophages mediate productive infection in cell types that are not susceptible to infection with cell-free virus.

Singh

Chebloune

Mselli-Lakhal

et al. 1999

Journal of General Virology

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“…Indeed, in CAEV infected goats a decrease in milk production is commonly observed [20]. Such deregulation of epithelial cell functions has been also described for HIV-1 infection of the intestinal epithelial cells [12,13,14,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEV) is the natural lentivirus of goats, and induces mainly arthritis and mastitis in infected animals [9,20]. CAEV mastitis presents a hardening of the udder during lactation period with diminution of milk production, and involves an important interstitial infiltration and accumulation of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immortalized goat milk epithelial cell lines replicate CAEV at high level

et al. 2001

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-Primary milk epithelial cells were isolated from CAEV-uninfected goats and three cell lines designated TIGMEC-1, TIGMEC-2 and TIGMEC-3 were established. The three cell lines retained their morphological characteristics of epithelial cells and expressed specific epithelial cytokeratin marker as well as the immortalizing SV40 large T antigen. The kinetics of growth of TIGMEC1, TIG-MEC2 and TIGMEC3 cell lines showed a doubling time of 24-48 hours while the parental cell lines became senescent after the passage 6 in cell culture. Like the parental primary cells, the three cell lines were found to be highly sensitive to CAEV-pBSCA, an infectious molecular clone of CAEV-CO strain, and to a French isolate CAEV-3112. TIGMEC cell lines infected with CAEV-pBSCA became chronically infected producing high virus titers in absence of cytopathic effects. These cell lines may be useful for study of the possible physiological alterations in mammary epithelial cells infected with small ruminant lentiviruses and their consequences on milk quality. On an other hand, these cell lines can be used to study their role in virus transmission and pathogenesis. CAEV / replication / epithelial cell lineRésumé -Des cellules épithéliales du lait immortalisées répliquent le CAEV avec une grande efficacité. Des cellules épithéliales primaires isolées à partir de chèvres non infectées par le CAEV ont été immortalisées pour dériver 3 lignées appelées TIGMEC-1, TIGMEC-2 et TIGMEC-3. Les cellules des 3 lignées ont conservé leurs caractéristiques morphologiques de cellules épithéliales et expriment la cytokératine, un marqueur spécifique des cellules épithéliales et l'antigène immortalisant T du virus SV40. La courbe de croissance des lignées TIGMEC-1, TIGMEC-2 et TIGMEC-3 montre une multiplication des cellules toutes les 24 à 48 heures alors que les cellules parentales ne Vet. Res. 32 (2001) 429-440 429

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“…Other infections that cause mastitis result in the extrusion of increased numbers of macrophages into the milk and thereby increase the load of lentivirus infectivity of the milk. Such enhanced infection has been observed in individual animals in which one half of the udder was normal and had a low virus load whereas the other was mastitic and had a heavy virus load (Kennedy-Stoskopf et al, 1985). In Holland, the authorities have succeeded to a great extent in controlling the disease by eliminating all seropositive animals and their lambs (Houwers, 1985).…”

Section: Visna-maedi Progressive Pneumonia or Zwoegerziektementioning

confidence: 99%