The magnitude of hypertension and associated factors among clients on highly active antiretroviral treatment in Southern Ethiopia, 2020: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Lukas, Kaleegziabher; Markos, Endrias; Belayneh, Fanuel; Habte, Aklilu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258576

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The prevalence of 17.5% in our population is comparable to those reported in Nigeria 29 , Zimbabwe 30 , South Africa 31 Zambia 32 and Tanzania 33 , but lower than those reported in Uganda 34 , Cameroon 35 , Brazil 36 , China 17 , 18 Ugandan rural study 37 and Argentina 38 . Similarly, our findings are higher than those reported in Ethiopia 16,39,40 and Kenya 41 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Currently, the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the general population are similar. Hypertension is a major public health issue in Africa and is largely underdiagnosed. Most HIV-infected individuals, especially those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) have hypertension. Our project aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors amongst HIV-infected adults treated by ART in Burundi. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected subjects over the age of 20, managed in five healthcare centers for people living with HIV (PLWH). The World Health Organization STEPWISE survey and anthropometric measurements were employed. Blood pressure was measured according to the ESC 2018 recommendations. 1 250 HIV-infected patients aged between 35.4 and 50.2 years were included (18.4% men). The prevalence of hypertension was 17.4% (95% CI 13.2–22.1). Approximately 47.25% of HIV patients with hypertension were previously undiagnosed. Other factors were associated with HTN, such as being overweight (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.46–5.62), obesity (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.27–5.55), longer duration of HIV infection: ≥ 10 years (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.14–3.20), diabetes (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.37–3.32) and age (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.09–1.14). Despite their young age, almost 20% of HIV-ART treated patients had hypertension, 50% of these were undiagnosed. Blood pressure monitoring is crucial in these patients, especially those identified as high-risk, with prompt life and disability-saving interventions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Others studies have reported an association of a longer duration ART with hypertension. 4 , 5 In another meta-analysis of HIV patients, it was revealed that longer duration of ART exposure was associated with an increased risk of hypertension. 31 The mechanism of how a longer duration on ART leads to hypertension is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Adults on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

Mutebi¹,

Semulimi²,

Mukisa³

et al. 2023

IBPC

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Introduction Dolutegravir-based anti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimens were rolled out as first line HIV treatment in Uganda due to their tolerability, efficacy and high resistance barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They have however been associated with weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia which are cardiometabolic risk factors of hypertension. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults on dolutegravir regimens. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 430 systematically sampled adults on dolutegravir-based ART for ≥ 6 months. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or history of use of antihypertensive agents. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 27.2% (117 of 430 participants) [95% CI: 23.2–31.6]. Majority were female (70.7%), the median age 42 [34, 50] years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 3 (59.6%) and median duration on DTG-based regimens of 28 [15, 33] months. Being male [aPR: 1.496, 95% CI: 1.122–1.994, P = 0.006], age ≥ 45 years [aPR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.206–8.108, P < 0.001] and 35–44 years [aPR: 2.455, 95% CI: 1.216–4.947, P < 0.012] as compared with age < 35 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 3 [aPR: 1.489, 95% CI: 1.072–2.067, P = 0.017] as compared with BMI < 25 kg/m 3 , duration on dolutegravir-based ART [aPR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.001–1.015, P = 0.037], family history of hypertension [aPR: 1.457, 95% CI: 1.064–1.995, P = 0.019] and history of heart disease [aPR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.205–2.484, P = 0.003] were associated with hypertension. Conclusion One in every four people with HIV (PWH) on dolutegravir-based ART has hypertension. We recommend the integration of hypertension management in the HIV treatment package and policies to improve existing supply chains for low cost and high-quality hypertension medications.

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“…The prevalence of hypertension was 22.4% which is higher than the prevalence reported in Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, among individuals living with HIV. 5,7,38,39 The prevalence was significantly highly prevalent in men than in females. Further, our results indicated that the prevalence of hypertension is higher among people aged more than 41 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda

Uwanyirigira,

Biracyaza,

Uzabakiriho

et al. 2023

VHRM

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are influential elements contributing to hypertension, which is a public health concern particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where its underdiagnosis and limited investigation persist. Moreover, hypertension prevails at higher rates among individuals living with HIV (PLWH) in comparison to the general population. Therefore, our study determined the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among PLWH who are undergoing ART treatment at Byumba District Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 406 PLWH over the age of 14 years who were undergoing ART within the HIV department. We performed statistical analyses using STATA version 13. Significant independent variables identified in the bivariate analysis were further exported in a multivariable logistic regression model to ascertain their association with hypertension. This model elucidated factors associated with hypertension, presenting outcomes through odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%, which means that roughly 1 in 4 PLWH were hypertensive. Notably, individuals aged 41 years and above demonstrated a significant association with heightened hypertension [AOR = 4.49; 95% CI = 2.45-8.21, p < 0.001] in contrast to those aged between 14 and 40 years. Additionally, smokers [AOR = 12.12; 95% CI = 4.48-32.74, p < 0.001] and individuals with a family history of hypertension [AOR = 4.28; 95% CI = 1.01-18.13, p = 0.049] demonstrated a higher likelihood of hypertension than their counterparts. Moreover, alcohol consumers [AOR = 5.5; 95% CI = 2.75-10.9, p < 0.001] had an increased likelihoods of hypertension compared to non-drinkers. Lastly, diabetics were almost 6 times more likely to be hypotensive [AOR = 4.50; 95% CI = 2.55-7.95, p = 0.018] when compared to those without diabetes. Conclusion: Our findings strongly underscore the urgency for the implementation of targeted programs aimed at enhancing awareness and comprehension of the factors and potential complications tied to hypertension among PLWH. Such programs could be integrated into routine HIV care services to provide patients with the information and skills required to manage their hypertension effectively.

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The magnitude of hypertension and associated factors among clients on highly active antiretroviral treatment in Southern Ethiopia, 2020: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Adults on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda

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