The long-term immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine: contribution of universal HBV vaccination in Italy

Coppola, Nicola; Corvino, Anna Rita; Pascalis, Stefania De; Signoriello, Giuseppe; Fiore, Eliana Di; Nienhaus, Albert; Sagnelli, E.; Lamberti, Monica

doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0874-3

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, a highly infectious HBV inoculum might overpower a low antibody titers against HBsAg (anti-HBs) titer during the long professional life of a healthcare worker. In these cases, the administration of a booster dose of HBV vaccine could be considered [49] .…”

Section: Post-exposure Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Coppola

Pascalis

Onorato

et al. 2016

WJH

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124

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Approximately 3 million healthcare workers per year receive an injury with an occupational instrument, with around 2000000 exposures to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 1000000 to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although an effective HBV vaccine has been available since the early eighties, and despite the worldwide application of universal vaccination programs started in the early nineties, HBV still remains a prominent agent of morbidity and mortality. There is no vaccine to limit the diffusion of HCV infection, which progresses to chronicity in the majority of cases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to a chronic liver disease. Healthcare workers are frequently exposed by a mucosal-cutaneous or percutaneous route to accidental contact with human blood and other potentially infectious biological materials while carrying out their occupational duties. Mucosal-cutaneous exposure occurs when the biological material of a potentially infected patient accidentally comes in contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes or mouth or with the skin of a healthcare worker. Percutaneous exposure occurs when an operator accidentally injures himself with a sharp contaminated object, like a needle, blade or other sharp medical instrument. About 75% of the total occupational exposure is percutaneous and 25% mucosal-cutaneous, the risk of infecting a healthcare worker being higher in percutaneous than in mucosal-cutaneous exposure. All healthcare workers should be considered for HBV vaccination and should meticulously apply the universal prophylactic measures to prevent exposure to HBV and HCV.

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Section: Post-exposure Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Coppola

Pascalis

Onorato

et al. 2016

WJH

Self Cite

124

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“…Several studies confirm that the acquired immunity persists for at least 10 years after vaccination with level of antibodies > 10 mIU/mL, but probably not longer, if vaccination had been performed at neonatal age [6][7]. In several countries in the world, students of faculties of medicine are examined to establish if the vaccination performed in infancy is still protective several decades after HBV vaccinations, because this is a population occupationallyexposed to a higher risk of acquiring HBV infection [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Titers two decades after vaccination in a cohort of students and post-graduates of the Medical School at the University of Palermo, Italy

Verso¹,

Cascio

Laddeca³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. The introduction of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) for newborn babies in Italy in 1991, extended to 12-year-old children for the first 12 years of application, has been a major achievement in terms of the prevention of HBV infection. The objective of this study was to analyse the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination among healthcare students with different working seniorities. Materials and method. A cross-sectional observational study of undergraduate and postgraduate students attending the Medical School of the University of Palermo was conducted from January 2014 -July 2016. HBV serum markers were performed with commercial chemiluminescence assays. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test (Mantel-Haenszel), whereas means were compared by using the Student's t test. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated by a multivariable logistic regression, using a model constructed to examine predictors of anti-HBs titer above 10 mIU/mL, assumed as protective. Results. Of the 2,114 subjects evaluated -all vaccinated at infancy or at the age of 12 years and were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative -806 (38.1%) had an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending a healthcare profession school (i.e., nursing and midwifery), than a medical postgraduate level school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy (p <0.001, 95% CI 2. adjusted OR 3.70). Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful for identifying small numbers of unvaccinated subjects, or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred to a booster series of vaccinations.

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“…All were actively recruited before any possible exposure to risky patients or procedures connected with the university courses, as established by our health protocol [10] [11].…”

Section: Setting and Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity for Hepatitis B Virus, Vaccination Status and Response to Vaccine in a Cohort of Dental Students

Lamberti¹,

Garzillo²,

Muoio³

et al. 2017

OJPM

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Background: The development of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major achievement in terms of prevention of HBV infection. To evaluate the immunological status against HBV of dental-profession students, we analysed the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination in Italian dental students with different work seniorities, determining the influence of epidemiological variables on the immune response. Methods: This study, carried out from January 2014 to April 2016, involved 361 underand post-graduate dental students attending the Second University of Naples. HBV serum markers were determined and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the level of long-term immunogenicity. Results: Of the 361 subjects evaluated, 15 (4.2%) declared no history of vaccination. All vaccinated subjects were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative, with 86 (24.9%) having an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending undergraduate dental school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful to identify small numbers of unvaccinated subjects or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred for a booster series of vaccinations.

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The long-term immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine: contribution of universal HBV vaccination in Italy

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Titers two decades after vaccination in a cohort of students and post-graduates of the Medical School at the University of Palermo, Italy

Seropositivity for Hepatitis B Virus, Vaccination Status and Response to Vaccine in a Cohort of Dental Students

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