The light-driven macroscopic directional motion of a water droplet on an azobenzene–calix[4]arene modified surface

Zhu, Fang; Tan, Shiliang; Dhinakaran, Manivannan Kalavathi; Cheng, Jing; Li, Haibing

doi:10.1039/d0cc00519c

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As an alternative to the feedback method described above, we study the simpler setup where the wettability step of eqn (20) moves with constant speed. Here, two scenarios are possible: if the droplet can keep up with the moving wettability profile, it will surf on the pattern, otherwise it will fall behind, stop moving, and eventually adapt its shape to the lower wettability of the substrate.…”

Section: Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we estimate the maximum attainable surfing speed v max for a wettability contrast Dy eq = y max eq À y min eq by considering the limit of R c Dy in eqn (20). In effect, we consider the maximum possible contrast of a given substrate material here, which means we estimate an upper bound on the speed of droplets with finite R. Substituting eqn (24) with y front eq = y min eq and y back eq = y max eq into eqn (7) for the droplet front gives v max ¼ g lg 18m lnðh=lÞ y max eq 3 À y min eq 3 !…”

Section: Speed Estimate For Spherical-cap Droplets Surfing On a Wettability Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,18 Recently, significant advances toward light-switchable substrates with large wettability gradients have been made. 19 First, Zhu et al 20 demonstrated light-induced droplet motion on a substrate modified by azobenzene-calix [4]arene where the equilibrium contact angle, as a measure for wettability, ranged from 331 to 1101. Second, several groups 21,22 have designed arrays of micropillars made from light-switchable polymer material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steering droplets on substrates using moving steps in wettability

Grawitter

Stark

2021

Soft Matter

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Section: Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speed Estimate For Spherical-cap Droplets Surfing On a Wettability Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steering droplets on substrates using moving steps in wettability

Grawitter

Stark

2021

Soft Matter

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“…A major way that has been widely employed is the photoisomerization effect that allows a molecule to switch between cis and trans states because of the change in bond angle ( cis is shorter and trans is extended) leading to the alternation of geometry and function of molecular complexes 5 – 7 . Such a way has been applied to various light-driven macroscopic motions, e.g., the deformation of a liquid droplet due to the change of surface free energy of the underlying molecular monolayer, and optomechanical cycle of individual polymers with two ends coupled to the microscopy tip and substrate surface, respectively 5 , 8 , 9 . The mechanism of photoisomerization is related to the and quantum excitations, triggered by lights of different frequencies 5 , 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanical switching of adsorption configurations of polar organic molecules by UV radiation pressure

Arumugam

Goyal

Chen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Using photoemission spectroscopy (PES), we have systematically investigated the behavior of polar organic molecule, chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc), adsorbed in the Cl-down configuration on the Ag(111) substrate at low temperature − 195 °C under UV irradiation with a range of different photon fluxes. Judging from the evolution of photoemission spectral line shapes of molecular energy states, we discovered that the Cl atoms are so robustly anchored at Ag(111) that the impinging photons cannot flip the ClAlPc molecules, but instead they crouch them down due to radiation pressure; we observe that the phthalocyanine (Pc) lobes bend down to interact with Ag atoms on the substrate and induce charge transfer from them. As photon flux is increased, radiation pressure on the Pc plane initiates tunneling of the Cl atom through the molecular plane to turn the adsorption configuration of ClAlPc from Cl-down to an upheld Cl-up configuration, elucidating an optomechanical way of manipulating the dipole direction of polar molecules. Finally, work function measurements provide a distinct signature of the resulting upheld Cl-up configuration as it leads to a large increase in vacuum level (VL), ~ 0.4 eV higher than that of a typical flat-on Cl-up configuration driven by thermal annealing.

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“…As light is applied, they are able to respond in a reversible or irreversible way [4]. The reversible photosensitive moieties include azobenzene [5][6][7], spiropyran [8,9], dithienylethene [10], and diazonaphthoquinone [11]; while the irreversible ones include o-nitrobenzyl [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], pyrenylmethyl [14], and coumarin [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-Responsive Polymersomes as Drug Delivery System for Potential Medical Applications

Hou

Liu

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Due to a strong retardation effect of o-nitrobenzyl ester on polymerization, it is still a great challenge to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers for polymersomes with a o-nitrobenzyl ester-based hydrophobic block. Herein, we present one such solution to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers with pure poly (o-nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PNBA) as the hydrophobic block and poly (N,N’-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) as the hydrophilic block using bulk reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of o-nitrobenzyl acrylate using a PDMA macro-RAFT agent. The developed amphiphilic block copolymers have a suitable hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio and can self-assemble into photoresponsive polymersomes for co-loading hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos into hydrophobic membranes and aqueous compartments of the polymersomes. The polymersomes demonstrate a clear photo-responsive characteristic. Exposure to light irradiation at 365 nm can trigger a photocleavage reaction of o-nitrobenzyl groups, which results in dissociation of the polymersomes with simultaneous co-release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargoes on demand. Therefore, these polymersomes have great potential as a smart drug delivery nanocarrier for controllable loading and releasing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules. Moreover, taking advantage of the conditional releasing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, the drug delivery system has potential use in medical applications such as cancer therapy.

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The light-driven macroscopic directional motion of a water droplet on an azobenzene–calix[4]arene modified surface

Abstract: A novel photo-responsive surface was constructed by modifing azobenzene-calix[4]arene (ABC4) on a microstructured silicon surface. Asymmetric UV light irradiation can drive the macroscopic directional motion of water droplet on this...

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Steering droplets on substrates using moving steps in wettability

Steering droplets on substrates using moving steps in wettability

Optomechanical switching of adsorption configurations of polar organic molecules by UV radiation pressure

Photo-Responsive Polymersomes as Drug Delivery System for Potential Medical Applications

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