The lichenoid reaction pattern (‘interface dermatitis’)

Paracetamol induced fixed drug eruptions: case report

“…16 The offending drug is thought to function as a hapten that preferentially binds to basal keratinocytes, thereby releasing lymphokines and antibodies thus damaging the basal cell layer. 17 The exact pathogenesis of FDE is unknown. According to one hypothesis FDE is classified as a type IVc immunologic reaction because of latent cytotoxic T cells in the lesions, which may become reactivated.…”

Ofloxacin/ornidazole induced fixed drug eruptions: a case report

“…13 The major categories of causative agents of fixed drug eruption include antibiotics, antiepileptics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and phenothiazines, although numerous other agents and certain foods such as cashews and licorice have also been reported as causative agents. Ingestion of the causative agent may occur via any route, including oral, rectal, or intravenous.…”

“…11,12 The offending drug is thought to function as a hapten that preferentially binds to basal keratinocytes, leading to an inflammatory response. 13 Through liberation of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, keratinocytes may locally up-regulate expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1).…”

Fixed drug eruption due to paracetamol

“…The offending drug is thought to function as a hapten that preferentially binds to basal keratinocytes, thereby releasing lymphocytes and antibodies thus damaging the basal cell layer. 4 It is believed to be a lymphocyte CD8-mediated reaction, where local reaction of memory T lymphocytes localized in epidermal and dermal tissues are targeted by an early viral infection. It is also reported that viral infections increase the predisposition to the development of CDRs.…”