The Late Bronze Age 'metallurgists' graves’ in south-western Poland. Tracing the provenance of the metal raw material using casting moulds

Nowak, Kamil; Stos-Gale, Zofia; Stolarczyk, Tomasz; Miazga, Beata

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103393

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, the detection of Pb on the female figure (ID3) is determined by the need to obtain a surface as homogeneous as possible. On the other hand, the traces of Ca, present in all the investigated fragments, can be attributed to the casting earth [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Table 1 X-ray Fluorescence (Xrf) Elemental Composition Minor...mentioning

confidence: 88%

X-ray fluorescence analysis of bronze sculptures by Giuseppe Renda

Caridi,

Paladini,

Faenza

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 2022 IMEKO TC4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

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In this study the elemental composition analysis of three bronze sculptures by Giuseppe Renda (one of the most famous interpreters of the Neapolitan Verism in the 19 th and 20 th centuries), respectively named "La Fortuna", "Scugnizzo" and "Non mi toccare", was performed, for the first time, by means of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The analysis of the investigated artefacts, closely related to the sample preparation and preservation, was carried out with the aim of improving the knowledge of the Southern Italy bronze art of the second half of the 20 th century and in order to suggest to restorers the best interventions to minimize the conservation problems that could affect the durability of the precious artefacts. Noteworthy, the achieved results represent useful and essential tools to obtain information on the execution technique, in a completely non-invasive way, and to address management issues of the investigated artworks.

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Section: Table 1 X-ray Fluorescence (Xrf) Elemental Composition Minor...mentioning

confidence: 88%

X-ray fluorescence analysis of bronze sculptures by Giuseppe Renda

Caridi,

Paladini,

Faenza

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 2022 IMEKO TC4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

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“…The metals and residues from casting moulds from the cemetery on Spokojna Street in Legnica have been analysed some time ago and a paper discussing their possible origin has been published (Nowak et al, 2022b). In this paper we concluded that four finds from this site (nos.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The lead isotopic data for copper ores (the Zechstein Limestone Ca1 mineralization belonging to the Zechstein Copper-bearing Series) from a local mine and modern black copper from local blast furnaces were analysed as reference data. The data were produced under several research projects and partly published (Nowak et al, 2022b;2023a;2023b) but have never been interpreted in a complete and coherent way.…”

Section: Methods Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Question of local exploitation of copper ore deposits in the Urnfield time in Poland

Nowak

Stolarczyk²,

Stos-Gale

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the copper outcrops in Silesia, and compared with European lead isotope databases. The lead isotopic data for the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1) ores from a local mine and modern black copper from blast furnaces at Leszczyna and Chełmiec in SW Poland were also analysed as reference data (n=6). Our research demonstrates that metal objects in SW Poland were made of copper obtained from various parts of Europe confirming intense contacts of the Urnfield communities but the lead ornaments were sourced from material of local origin providing the first evidence for the provenance of Polish lead.

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