The large fissure eruption in the region of Plosky Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, 1975–1976

Fedotov, S.; Chirkov, A. M.; Гусев, Н. А.; Kovalev, G.N.; Slezin, Yu. B.

doi:10.1007/bf02597610

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…2) is the type locality for this eruptive style (e.g., Heliker and Mattox 2003;Richter et al 1970;Swanson et al 1979). Hawaiian fountains have also been observed at many other basaltic volcanoes (e.g., Bertagnini et al 1990;Fedotov et al 1980). Here we assess processes in the shallow conduit and fountain during the first episode of the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption.…”

Section: Hawaiian-style Eruptions and Kīlauea Ikimentioning

confidence: 96%

Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: the case study of episode 1 of the Kīlauea Iki 1959 eruption

et al. 2010

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Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by fountains of gas and ejecta, sustained for hours to days that reach tens to hundreds of meters in height. Quantitative analysis of the pyroclastic products from the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Iki, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, provides insights into the processes occurring during typical Hawaiian fountaining activity. This short-lived but powerful eruption contained 17 fountaining episodes and produced a cone and tephra blanket as well as a lava lake that interacted with the vent and fountain during all but the first episode of the eruption, the focus of this paper. Microtextural analysis of Hawaiian fountaining products from this opening episode is used to infer vesiculation processes within the fountain and shallow conduit. Vesicle number densities for all clasts are high (10 6 -10 7 cm −3 ). Post-fragmentation expansion of bubbles within the thermally-insulated fountain overprints the pre-fragmentation bubble populations, leading to a reduction in vesicle number density and increase in mean vesicle size. However, early quenched rims of some clasts, with vesicle number densities approaching 10 7 cm −3 , are probably a valid approximation to magma conditions near fragmentation. The extent of clast evolution from low vesicle-to-melt ratio and corresponding high vesicle number density to higher vesicle-to-melt ratio and lower vesicle-number density corresponds to the length of residence time within the fountain.

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Section: Hawaiian-style Eruptions and Kīlauea Ikimentioning

confidence: 96%

Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: the case study of episode 1 of the Kīlauea Iki 1959 eruption

et al. 2010

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“…4). Symbols: 1 rim of Atkinson volcano, 2 conformable boundaries between different (either by size or colour or both) volcanic ashes, 3 unconformity between volcanic deposits and fluvioglacial bed deposits, 4 calibrated 14 C age, year BP, 5 consecutively numbered ash layers, 6 fluvioglacial deposits eruptions in Iceland (>15 km 3 for Edlgja 934 AD eruption and 14.7 km 3 for Laki 1783 eruption (Self et al 1998)), but larger than the largest historical eruption in Kamchatka (2.2 km 3 for Tolbachik's 1973 "Larger Fissure" eruption) (Fedotov et al 1980), the most volcanically active region of Russia (see Siebert and Simkin 2002). The area and volume of the southern lava flow field (around Kropotkin cone and in the uppermost part of Kadyr-Os river) are 4.036 km 2 and 0.2 km 3 .…”

Section: Volume Of Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Jom-Bolok Holocene volcanic field in the East Sayan Mts., Siberia, Russia: structure, style of eruptions, magma compositions, and radiocarbon dating

et al. 2011

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Jom-Bolok volcanic field is located in the East Sayan Mts. of Siberia (Russia), a portion of the Asian convergent zone. It is located at the boundary of the Riphean Tuva-Mongolia massif, which was probably reactivated because of the interplay between far-field tectonic stress derived from the India-Asia collision zone and extension in the south-western Baikal rift system. The volcanic field comprises a number of hawaiitic lava flows, of various lengths, which flowed down paleorivers. Flows were fed by fissure eruptions and the largest lava flow field was dated as 7,130±140 cal 14 C years BP using a buried organic sample found inside the associated cinder cone. This lava flow field is about 70 km long, ∼100 km 2 in area, and 7.9 km 3 in volume. The area and volume of this flow field ranks this eruption highly in the global record of fissure-fed effusive eruptions. This lava flow field makes up 97% of the entire Jom-Bolok volcanic field, a fact which raises a puzzling question: why and/or how did a relatively small-volume volcanic field produce such a large-volume individual eruption? A working hypothesis is that a pond of sublithospheric melt accumulated over a relatively prolonged period. This was then rapidly drained in response of tectonic changes triggered by unloading of ice in the Early Holocene.

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“…GVP (2017) state that the majority of its activity is relatively low level with volcano explosivity indices (VEI) of 1 and 2 (see Newhall and Self (1982) for explanation of VEI). However, it had a major fissure eruption in 1975-1976(Fedotov et al 1980) that was classified as a VEI 4. Tolbachik was quiet until late 2012, when the local volcano monitoring group, Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), reported that an eruption had begun on November 27.…”

Section: Tolbachik Volcano and Its 2012-2013 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Geospatial Technologies in Communicating a More Effective Hazard Assessment: Application of Remote Sensing Data

Webley

Watson

2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Remote sensing data and the application of geo-spatial technologies have progressively been built into real-time volcanic hazard assessment. Remote sensing of volcanic processes provides a unique synoptic view of the developing hazard, and provides insights into the ongoing activity without the need for direct, on-the-ground observations. Analysis and visualization of these data through the geospatial tools, like Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and new virtual globes, brings new perspectives into the decision support system. In this chapter, we provide examples of (i) how remote sensing has assisted in real-time analysis of active volcanoes; (ii) how by combining multiple sensors at different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions one is able to better understand a given hazard, leading to better communication and decision making; and (iii) how visualizing this in a common platform, like a GIS tool or virtual globe, augments effective hazard assessment system. We will illustrate how useful remote sensing data can be for volcanic hazard assessment, including the benefits and challenges in real-time decision support, and how the geo-spatial tools can be useful to communicate the potential hazard through a common operation protocol.

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The large fissure eruption in the region of Plosky Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, 1975–1976

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: the case study of episode 1 of the Kīlauea Iki 1959 eruption

Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: the case study of episode 1 of the Kīlauea Iki 1959 eruption

Jom-Bolok Holocene volcanic field in the East Sayan Mts., Siberia, Russia: structure, style of eruptions, magma compositions, and radiocarbon dating

The Role of Geospatial Technologies in Communicating a More Effective Hazard Assessment: Application of Remote Sensing Data

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