“…the deformity usually occurs bilaterally, generally affects females twice as often as males, and the incidence varies depending on the population being studied and cultural practices, such as footwear use (10,34). hv has a multifactorial etiology including extrinsic and intrinsic causes (4,5,17,36). extrinsic factors that may play a role include persistent use of shoes with narrow toe box and elevated heels (15,16,27) and the presence of a subtle underlying neurological disorder, such as cerebral palsy (15).…”