The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

Landrigan, Philip J.; Fuller, Richard; Acosta, Nereus J R; Adeyi, Olusoji; Arnold, Robert G.; Basu, Niladri; Baldé, Abdoulaye Bibi; Bertollini, Roberto; Blüml, Stephan; Boufford, Jo Ivey; Breysse, Patrick N.; Chiles, Thomas C.; Mahidol, Chulabhorn; Coll-Seck, Awa Marie; Cropper, Maureen; Fobil, Julius N.; Fuster, Valentín; Greenstone, Michael; Haines, Andy; Hanrahan, David; Hunter, David J.; Khare, Mukesh; Krupnick, Alan; Lanphear, Bruce P.; Lohani, B. N.; Martin, Keith; Mathiasen, Karen V; McTeer, Maureen A.; Murray, Christopher J L; Ndahimananjara, Johanita D; Perera, Frederica P.; Potočnik, Janez; Preker, Alexander S.; Ramesh, Jairam; Rockström, Johan; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos; Samson, Leona D.; Sandilya, Karti; Sly, Peter D.; Smith, Kirk R.; Steiner, Achim; Stewart, Richard B.; Suk, William A.; Schayck, Onno C. P. van; Yadama, Gautam N.; Yumkella, Kandeh K.; Ma, Zhong

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32345-0

Cited by 2,936 publications

(1,881 citation statements)

References 292 publications

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“…Recently a study published in the The Lancet (Landrigan et al 2017) affirmed that disease caused by pollution is most prevalent among ethnic minorities and the marginalized. The study holds up the EJAtlas as an example of an initiative that aims to investigate, document and map information related to such environmental injustices, pointing out (in the language of the EJ movement in the US of the 1980s) how these initiatives "provide powerful leverage to the disproportionately exposed communities-the poor and the vulnerable-who are struggling to reduce their exposure and their inequitable burden of pollution related disease" (p. 29).…”

Section: Conclusion: Contributions To the Sustainability Science Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas): ecological distribution conflicts as forces for sustainability

et al. 2018

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Section: Conclusion: Contributions To the Sustainability Science Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas): ecological distribution conflicts as forces for sustainability

et al. 2018

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“…The majority of these deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where the current share of pollution-related deaths reaches nearly 25% of total mortality [46]. With a focus on three Asian countries, this paper presents an analysis of the key factors responsible for changes in the most important air pollutants-SO 2 , NO x and PM 2.5 -over the past 25 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

Rafaj

Amann

2018

Energies

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High levels of air pollution pose an urgent social and public health challenge in many Asian regions. This study evaluates the role of key factors that determined the changes in emission levels in China, India and Japan over the past 25 years. While emissions of air pollutants have been declining in Japan since the 1990s, China and India have experienced a rapid growth in pollution levels in recent years. Around 2005, control measures for sulfur emissions started to deliver expected reductions in China, followed by cuts in nitrogen oxides ten years later. Despite recent policy interventions, growing emission trends in India persist. A decomposition analysis of emission-driving factors indicates that emission levels would have been at least two-times higher without the improvements in energy intensity and efficiency, combined with end-of-pipe measures. Due to the continuous reliance on fossil fuels, the abatement effect of a cleaner fuel mix was in most cases significantly smaller than other factors. A reassessment of emission projections developed in the past suggests a decisive impact of energy and environmental policies. It is expected that targeted legislative instruments will play a dominant role in achieving future air-quality goals in Asia.

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“…Complex exposures to multiple contaminants in air, water and food were recently estimated to account for one-in-six deaths globally in 2015 [85]; Holliston illustrates this complexity on a local scale. Our integrated assessment reveals moderate to high levels of Mn, Hg, and solvents detected in well water, soil water or groundwater at multiple locations from the 1960s to present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Assessment of Shallow-Aquifer Vulnerability to Multiple Contaminants and Drinking-Water Exposure Pathways in Holliston, Massachusetts

Henn

Ogneva‐Himmelberger

Denehy³

et al. 2017

Water

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Half of U.S. drinking water comes from aquifers, and very shallow ones (<20 feet to water table) are especially vulnerable to anthropogenic contamination. We present the case of Holliston, a Boston, Massachusetts suburb that draws its drinking water from very shallow aquifers, and where metals and solvents have been reported in groundwater. Community concerns focus on water discolored by naturally occurring manganese (Mn), despite reports stating regulatory aesthetic compliance. Epidemiologic studies suggest Mn is a potentially toxic element (PTE) for children exposed by the drinking-water pathway at levels near the regulatory aesthetic level. We designed an integrated, community-based project: five sites were profiled for contaminant releases; service areas for wells were modeled; and the capture zone for one vulnerable well was estimated. Manganese, mercury, and trichloroethylene are among 20 contaminants of interest. Findings show that past and/or current exposures to multiple contaminants in drinking water are plausible, satisfying the criteria for complete exposure pathways. This case questions the adequacy of aquifer protection and monitoring regulations, and highlights the need for integrated assessment of multiple contaminants, associated exposures and health risks. It posits that community-researcher partnerships are essential for understanding and solving complex problems.

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The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

Cited by 2,936 publications

References 292 publications

The Global Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas): ecological distribution conflicts as forces for sustainability

The Global Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas): ecological distribution conflicts as forces for sustainability

Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

Integrated Assessment of Shallow-Aquifer Vulnerability to Multiple Contaminants and Drinking-Water Exposure Pathways in Holliston, Massachusetts

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