“…Indeed, in their survey of 1,835 public elementary schools, Pufahl and Rhodes (2011) found that only 15% taught world language in 2008, a figure that represented a significant decline from a previous survey they had conducted in 1997, while 91% of high schools surveyed offered world language instruction (p. 261). This contrasts with the known benefits of starting world language education earlier in children's educational trajectory, as is done in many other countries (Pufahl et al, 2001;Tochon, 2009). In 1999, the Educational Testing Service Policy Information Center reported that, based on a national sample of students who graduated from high school in 1994, 74% of high schools represented in the study did not require any world language course work for graduation (Finn, 1999, n.p.).…”