The Kaali Impact as Trigger of a Mega-Tsunami Event and Violent Seismotectonics in Sweden

Abstract

A meteorite impacted the ground in Estonia forming the Kaali Crater dated at 1183-1162 BC. It set up a Baltic-wide mega-tsunami dated at 1171 absolute varve years BC. It also triggered violent seismotectonic effect in Sweden. Ancient legends testify of direct observations of the sky phenomena and personal experiences of the ground shaking and tsunami flooding, which makes the Kaali Crater the oldest impact event documented by humans. The Ragnarök apocalypse is likely to lead its origin from the violent geodynamic activity along the Swedish east coast.

A Mega-Tsunami in the Baltic Sea 1171 BC: Geological Records with Special Reference to the Lake Mälaren Area in Sweden

“…yrs BP. This means full agreement with previous records [7] [8] [10] [11] [24] and time coincidence with the Kaali impact in Estonia [10] [11]. It also worked as the incitement of the Enköping-Bålsta investigation here presented.…”

“…Tsunami events with a date of about 3000 BP or 1200 cal. yrs BC, have been reported from Umeå [2] [21], Hudiksvall [2] [8] [22], Forsmark [7] [8] [23], Upplands Väsby [24], Enköping (this paper; [10] [11], Eskilstuna (this paper), Saltsjöbaden [11], Åker (this paper, [2] [3] [25]), Södertörn [11] [22] [26], and Tystberga [11] [22] as shown in Figure 1.…”

“…As a part of an archaeological investigation, we also undertook a geo-tectonic analysis of the Tolan site and Sandaskogen area ( [24] and supplementary material to [11]). Obviously, the area had suffered severe ground-shaking.…”

“…A tsunami bed in Lake Dammsjön at +24 m indicates a tsunami height of at least 9 m (rather 10 to reach over the outlet threshold). The site is described in the supplementary file to [11]. Cores taken at +28 -29 m did not have any visible tsunami layers.…”

“…The tsunami event at Fituna on the Södertörn peninsula fits both in time and elevation [11] [22]. At Rogsta Hage in Tystberga, there is a section which seems to record a tsunami layer extending up to +31 m (supplementary material to [11]). Therefore, we seem to be dealing with a 16 m tsunami run-up.…”