The Isolation of Photosensitizing Agents from Buckwheat<sup>1</sup>

Wender, Simon H.; Gortner, Ross Aiken; Inman, O. L.

doi:10.1021/ja01249a023

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…These data indicate that the compound I has a structure, 1, 12-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2, 6, 7, 11-tetramethoxy-4, 9-dihydroxyperylene-3, 10-quinone (Fig. 1) It has been known that some of the compounds derived from 4, 9-dihydroxyperylene-3, lO-quinone are related to photogenic disease (e. g. hypericism,6) fagopyrism 7 » and/or show a photodynamic nature; the compounds belonging to the former are hypericin S ) and fagopyrin, S) and those of the latter are erythroapines,9) fagopyrin,rO) elsinochromes 3 ) and cercosporin. It is interesting that phleichrome which showed the phytotoxic activity has a structural similarity with those physiological active compounds described above.…”

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confidence: 81%

Phleichrome; A New Phytotoxic Compound Produced byCladosporium phlei

Yoshihara

Shimanuki

Araki

et al. 1975

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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confidence: 81%

Phleichrome; A New Phytotoxic Compound Produced byCladosporium phlei

Yoshihara

Shimanuki

Araki

et al. 1975

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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“…The sensitizing effect of raw buckwheat in several animal species is well known (4,10,11) ; it produces an occasional eruption and irritation of the skin upon exposure to light. This need not interfere with its potential use in vegetable formulas for human consumption since these are invariably cooked and since buckwheat flour has been extensively used as a staple of human diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buckwheat as a Supplement to All‐vegetable Protein Diets

Wyld

Squibb

Scrimshaw

1958

Journal of Food Science

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Successful all-vegetable rations for poultry feeding employing locally available feedstuffs have been previously developed for use in Central America (6,7). With this experience and other studies of the value of plants which grow well in the area, INCAP Mixture 8 ( V M 8) a vegetable mixture for human consumption has been developed from local foods and tested (1,.5). This formula has been shown to be effective for the treatment, and suitable for the prevention, of a form of severe protein malnutrition in children known as kwashiorkor which is common in Central America as in many other technically underdeveloped areas of the world.In order to improve the commercial practicability of this V M 8 formula for human feeding and also to give greater flexibility to the formulation of poultry rations from locally grown plants, the use of buckwheat (Fugopyrum escuknturn) as a source of carbohydrates and quality protein in such mixtures has been explored. Buckwheat is of particular interest since it is easily cultivated and yields well in the area and has been shown to have a relatively high nutritive value (9). MATERIAL AND METHODSBuckwheat (Fugopyrum escztlenfum) is reported to contain 1 l.Z$% of protein, 2.4% fat, 64.0% carbohydrates, 10.7% crude fiber, 1.7% ash and to have a lysine content of 0 .689% (2,3). The sample selected for these studies was grown in the Guatemala City area (elevation 5,000 feet). It was tested (a) as a replacement for the carbohydrate base of the V M 8 mixture and (b) as a source of lysine, which is one of the limiting amino acids of all-vegetable protein mixtures for chicks (8).Straight run 3-day old New Hampshire chicks were employed. No more than 12 chicks were housed in each all-wire cage. Heat was thermostatically controlled as required by the age of the bird. All experimental animals received water and feed ad libitum, and were weighed individually each week for a 35-day period. The rations fed, number, growth and the efficiencies of feed utilization of the chicks are presented in Table 1. RESULTSGround buckwheat was first tested as a substitute for corn and sorghum. In experiment 1, the buckwheat was fed to replace O.O%, 33.376, 66.6% and 100.0~0 of the ground corn of an all-vegetable protein diet containing sesame, cottonseed and corozo oil meals as the principal sources of proteins. The significant linear response in the growth of the chicks and increased efficiency of feed utilization to each increased percent of buckwheat except the first indicates that buckwheat was superior to corn in these rations.

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“…19 The most promising isolation approach appears to be reported by Samel, 23 but our unpublished reproduction of their procedure was unsuccessful, as we were unable to elute a fluorescent fraction from silica gel 60 with any solvent. 23 In all reported isolation attempts, effective extraction solvents for fagopyrins are evidently highly (5), protofagopyrin (6), and fagopyrin (7).…”

Section: ■ Isolation Attemptsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fagopyrins and Protofagopyrins: Detection, Analysis, and Potential Phototoxicity in Buckwheat

Benković

Kreft

2015

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Buckwheat contains many healthy nutrients, and its consumption is therefore increasing. Buckwheat also contains fluorescent phototoxic fagopyrins. A systematic review of fagopyrins and the phototoxicity of buckwheat found that reliable quantitative data on fagopyrin toxicity are not yet available. Generally, buckwheat seeds, flour, and teas are safe in normal amounts. Diets extensively composed of buckwheat sprouts, herbs, and particularly flowers or of fagopyrin-rich buckwheat extracts may cause fagopyrism. A reference standard is needed, as it would enable the accurate evaluation of fagopyrin content in buckwheat products and would allow proper testing of their as yet unknown physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

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The Isolation of Photosensitizing Agents from Buckwheat¹

Cited by 22 publications

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Phleichrome; A New Phytotoxic Compound Produced byCladosporium phlei

Phleichrome; A New Phytotoxic Compound Produced byCladosporium phlei

Buckwheat as a Supplement to All‐vegetable Protein Diets

Fagopyrins and Protofagopyrins: Detection, Analysis, and Potential Phototoxicity in Buckwheat

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The Isolation of Photosensitizing Agents from Buckwheat1

Cited by 22 publications

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Phleichrome; A New Phytotoxic Compound Produced byCladosporium phlei

Phleichrome; A New Phytotoxic Compound Produced byCladosporium phlei

Buckwheat as a Supplement to All‐vegetable Protein Diets

Fagopyrins and Protofagopyrins: Detection, Analysis, and Potential Phototoxicity in Buckwheat

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The Isolation of Photosensitizing Agents from Buckwheat¹