The Isolation of <i>Vibrio cholera</i> and Other Enteric Bacteria with Molecular Characterization of <i>Vibrio cholera</i> during the Outbreak of Baghdad/Iraq in 2015

Abstract

Vibrio cholera, causing acute watery diarrhea known as cholera disease, affects all ages and both genders. Cholera infection outbreaks in Iraq have been reported for several years. The recent cholera outbreak, emerged throughout 2015, was investigated using bacteriological laboratory tests, singleplex and multiplex PCR technique for the detection of V. cholera from stool samples. Furthermore the toxigenic potential coupled with the antibiotic susceptibility test for cholera and other bacteria were also investigated. The stool samples were collected from 5698 patients admitted to Al-Yarmouk Teaching hospital and health care centers in Baghdad/Al-Karkh, Iraq, from the 1 st of August to the 30 th of December 2015. The V. cholera was isolated from 194 cases (3.4% of the cases age between 21 -50 years). In addition, other enteric infections: Salmonellosis and Shigellosis 7 and 21 respectively, protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica 2 and 43 cases respectively were also reported. High percentage of V. cholera infection was detected in October (122 cases, 62.8%), compared with other enteric infections that show high percentage of diarrheal disease in September and November. The results have confirmed that the cholera outbreak was caused by V. cholera O1, biotype El Tor, and serotype Inaba. Seven virulence genes were identified ctxA, toxR, zot, ace, rfbO1, tcpA and ompW. Moreover, the cholera isolated strains were found sensitive to most antibiotic but resistant to nalidixic acid.

Observance Des Mesures Barrières De Lutte Contre La Maladie A Coronavirus-19 & Morbi-Mortalités Liées Au Cholera En Zone EndemoEpidémique De La République Démocratique Du Congo

“…A Moba, on constate des pics de notification des cas de choléra durant la période de Septembre à Avril. En effet, cette période correspond à la période de dégradation de l'hygiène environnemental, déjà précaire, suite aux pluies [2][9] [37]. Mais dans le conteste de Covid-19, cette règle n'a pas été respectée.…”

“…Le cholera est une maladie diarrhéique aigue causée par le Vibriocholerae, une bactérie entero-toxique gram négatif de la famille des Vibrionaceae dont on distingue plusieurs souches [1][2][3][4]. Il demeure un sérieux problème de santé publique, surtout dans les pays en voie de développement [1] [5] [6].…”

Why the Endemoepidemicity Persistence of Cholera in Moba (DR. of Congo)? Preliminary Study in the Health Area of Regeza in 2016

“…Vibrio cholerae colonizes the epithelium of the small intestine and produces a toxic toxin for enterocytes [4] [22]. Africa is the continent most affected by the cases notified to WHO [23].…”

Towards estimating true cholera burden: a systematic review and meta-analysis ofVibrio choleraepositivity

“…cholerae epidemiology [8], epidemiology of non-cholera diseases causing the same clinical symptoms [9][10][11][12], and variations in diagnostic tests and case definitions [13][14][15]. Typical suspected cholera case definitions have been shown to have high sensitivity but low specificity [14] and can vary by location across seasons [13].…”