The isolation and characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Microcystis aeruginosa, a prominent toxic water bloom forming cyanobacteria

Bláhová, Lucie; Adamovský, Ondřej; Kubala, Lukáš; Šindlerová, Lenka; Zounková, Radka; Bláha, Luděk

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.011

Cited by 29 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Although the effects of Escherichia coli LPS are stronger, LPS from blooms and cultured strains of M. aeruginosa as well activates NF-κB in human immune cells and subsequently leads to the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [157,158]. On the other hand, LPS have also showed anti-inflammatory properties.…”

Section: Table 3 Overview Of Cylindrospermopsin Effects On the Gastromentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

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Background: Cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency in freshwater ecosystems, posing a hazard to human and environmental health. Exposure of human to cyanobacterial metabolites occurs mostly via accidental ingestion through contaminated drinking water or during recreational activities and, most frequently, results in gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the clinical manifestation, cyanobacterial metabolites are rather investigated for their toxicity towards specific organs or tissues, especially hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, than for effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the associated lymphoid tissue. Main body: The aim of this review was to systematically summarize available literature on the effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system and compile the data from both, in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on human health-relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects, or both. Furthermore, cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides, other less studied metabolites and their mixtures have been also implicated to have a role in gastrointestinal inflammation. Conclusion: The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. In addition, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites such as aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at distinct levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, which can be expected in drinking water supplies.

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Section: Table 3 Overview Of Cylindrospermopsin Effects On the Gastromentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

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“…The HPW procedure is the most widely used for the extraction of LPS and has been applied to cyanobacteria samples (Bláhová et al, 2013;Keleti and Sykora, 1982;Mohamed, 2008;Papageorgiou et al, 2004;Weckesser et al, 1974). However, due to the toxic potential of phenol and the risks associated with its use in the HPW extraction procedure, other solvents mixtures have been used instead: hot butanol-water or hot N,N'-dimethylformamide -water (Mohamed, 2008;Papageorgiou et al, 2004).…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chromogenic approach was used either with UV detection (Bláhová et al, 2013;Lindsay et al, 2009;Papageorgiou et al, 2004) of fluorescence, as part of the PyroGene rFC endotoxin detection system (Bláhová et al, 2013).…”

Section: Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (Lal)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and analysis of occurrence, exposure and toxicity of cyanobacteria toxins in food

Testai

Buratti

Funari

et al. 2016

EFS3

102

125

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This report presents the extensive literature search conducted on 1) the occurrence of different cyanotoxins in food matrices; 2) the analytical methods for their detection; 3) their toxicological profile; 3) the environmental factors affecting toxicity of cyanobacterial population and 4) the combined effects of mixtures of cyanotoxins and other chemicals. It also includes a review of guidelines values or health-alert levels for cyanotoxins in food (or drinking water) adopted world-wide. The methodological aspects and the queries used in the extensive literature search, the collection and screening of retrieved papers and the inventory are briefly described in the report; all details are available in 3 supplementary appendices to this report. The analysis of collected papers indicated that most of them are focused on a single microcystin (MC) variant (MC-LR) out of the almost 100 MC known. Many studies on occurrence are affected by limited quality, due to analytical drawbacks in the detection methods and were not considered in the exposure assessment. Toxicity studies useful for the derivation of health based reference values are few, being many of them carried out using i.p. injection, which is poorly representative of actual human exposure. In addition, those toxicological studies carried out with poorly characterised cyanobacterial extracts or focused on single parameters, using a single dose, devoted to elucidation of mechanism of action, reporting qualitative description of effects were not used for data extraction. The relevant exposure scenarios are also described, although being the available data on exposure very limited, no definite conclusion on the health risks for the exposed population could be drawn. However, the possibility of risky exposure is evidenced for fish and shell-fish consumers and for blue-green algae supplements (BGAS) as well in relation to MC contamination. Finally, many data gaps were identified. © European Food Safety Authority, 2016Key words: Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, occurrence, toxicity, exposure, risk assessment, data gaps. Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00141Correspondence:sc.secretariat@efsa.europa.eu Cyanotoxins in foodThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.www.efsa.europa.eu/publications 2 EFSA Supporting publication 2016:EN-998NDisclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has b...

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“…Detoxi-gel is considered as a tool for removing the effects of LPS and the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay is widely used for endotoxin detection [45], [46]. Our study demonstrated that purified PEP-1-PON1 protein was further purified using Detoxi-gel endotoxin removing gel in order to eliminate endotoxin in bacteria (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…After purification, endotoxin levels were below the detection limit (<0.1 EU/ml) as tested by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay (BioWhitaker, Walkersville, MD, USA). In addition, recently reports suggest that the microfiltration is a reliable and highly advantageous tool for the decontamination of samples [45], [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEP-1-PON1 Protein Regulates Inflammatory Response in Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Ameliorates Inflammation in a TPA-Induced Animal Model

et al. 2014

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Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme which plays a central role in various diseases. However, the mechanism and function of PON1 protein in inflammation are poorly understood. Since PON1 protein alone cannot be delivered into cells, we generated a cell permeable PEP-1-PON1 protein using protein transduction domains, and examined whether it can protect against cell death in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated Raw 264.7 cells as well as mice with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation. We demonstrated that PEP-1-PON1 protein transduced into Raw 264.7 cells and markedly protected against LPS or H2O2-induced cell death by inhibiting cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the inflammatory mediator’s expression, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, topically applied PEP-1-PON1 protein ameliorates TPA-treated mice skin inflammation via a reduction of inflammatory response. Our results indicate that PEP-1-PON1 protein plays a key role in inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that PEP-1-PON1 protein may provide a potential protein therapy against oxidative stress and inflammation.

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The isolation and characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Microcystis aeruginosa, a prominent toxic water bloom forming cyanobacteria

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

Review and analysis of occurrence, exposure and toxicity of cyanobacteria toxins in food

PEP-1-PON1 Protein Regulates Inflammatory Response in Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Ameliorates Inflammation in a TPA-Induced Animal Model

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