The investigation on the flame retardancy mechanism of nitrogen flame retardant melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6

Liu, Yuan; Wang, Qi

doi:10.1007/s10965-008-9263-6

Cited by 94 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Within the new non-halogenated FRs, researchers have proposed different types including red phosphorus [5], magnesium hydroxide [6,7], boron [8], organoclay nanocomposites [9,10], glass-fiber [11,12], silicon [13], multiwall carbon nanotubes composites [14][15][16], carbon fiber [17], and melamine-based products [18][19][20] in various combinations. Phosphorus-based FRs are among the most efficient and versatile flame retardants, and most of them can act through a combination of vapor-(inhibition of active species in gas phase) and condensed-phase reactions (promotion of the polymer carbonization and char formation) [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Through a straightforward approach, a new meltable, halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant (FR), 6-(2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl) dibenzo [c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (DTE-DOPO) was synthesized and incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA6).It was proved that a very low phosphorus content of 1.46 wt % for DTE-DOPO additive improved the flame retardancy of PA6, leading to a non-flammable material. The performance of the new additive was compared to that of the commercially-available Exolit OP 1230. The PA6 formulations were evaluated by measuring the rheological, mechanical, and flammability behavior. Using compounding by melt extrusion, 17 wt % additives was introduced into PA6 matrix and the corresponding formulations were characterized. The results evidenced a higher homogeneity of DTE-DOPO with PA6, a high thermal stability with a catalyzing decomposition effect on PA6 caused by the presence of the new developed FR, enhanced elasticity for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation and a V0 rating for both formulations. Thermal and fire analysis indicated a primary gas-phase activity, combined with a complete suppression of the self-sustained burning for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation.Polymers 2015, 7 1542

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The traces from sample E are consistent with rapid decomposition of the APP into ammonia (NH 3 ), water (H 2 O) and polyphosphoric acid at ~270 o C, a process which also appears to catalyze the decomposition of the silicone rubber in an analogous fashion to an epoxy resin [17]; this reaction is largely independent of the atmosphere used. In sample F the MCA decomposes more gradually into melamine and cyanuric acid at >350 o C [18].…”

Section: Effect Of Fire Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of laser ablation and inclined plane tracking tests as a means to rank materials for outdoor HV insulators

Hosier

Rahman

Vaughan

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the popularity of polymeric composites for outdoor high voltage (HV) use continues to increase, surface degradation through electrical discharge activity is becoming a more serious issue. In order to design composites offering improved resistance to degradation, and hence improved component lifetimes, tests need to be performed under controlled conditions in order to rank different materials. Inclined plane tracking tests are often used to determine the relative performance of various material formulations used in their construction. An alternative approach is to employ a high power laser to deposit known amounts of energy at a known rate to the sample surface. In this paper a variety of material formulations were subjected to inclined plane tracking tests as well as to laser ablation testing. The results indicate that the two test methods compare favorably and that laser ablation offers a quick and cost effective way of screening candidate material formulations, prior to more detailed study.

show abstract

“…[1,2] The flame retardancy of PA6 was achieved by the incorporation of halogen-containing compounds formerly; however, for the sake of safety and environmental concerns, [3] more and more applications have resorted to non-halogenated flame retardants. So far the majority of the non-halogenated alternatives are based on nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and metal hydroxides and nanoparticles etc., [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] for example, melamine cyanurate (MCA), [4] Mg(OH) 2 , [5] red phosphorus, [6,7] melamine polyphosphate (MPP) [8,9] and metal dialkyl-phosphinates (MDAP). [10][11][12] Nevertheless, these additives have their own drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-intumescent flame retardant polyamide 6 based on cyclic phosphate grafting phenol formaldehyde

Guo

Wang

et al. 2016

Polym. Adv. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde (PF) grafted cyclic neopentyl phosphate (PFCP) was synthesized by using PF and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphoryl chloride. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared to PF, PFCP shows improved thermal and thermoxidative stability and allows itself to be used in polyamide 6 (PA6). A micro-intumescent flame retardant system was constructed by using cyclic neopentyl phosphate as acid source, PF as charring agent and PA6 whose decomposition products work as blowing agent. The results showed that PA6/PFCP composite is classified the UL-94 V-0 rating and get a LOI value of 35.5% at 25% loading of PFCP. SEM results showed that the outside of char residues is continuous and dense, but the inside is micro-intumescent and porous. XPS analysis of char revealed that most of phosphorus remained in the char layer. All the results suggest that the mode of flame retardant's action for PA6/PFCP composites is shifted from melting away to charring protection with the content of PFCP increasing. The coherent char generated by the decomposition of PFCP contributes most to flame retardancy of PA6.

show abstract

The investigation on the flame retardancy mechanism of nitrogen flame retardant melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6

Cited by 94 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6

Comparison of laser ablation and inclined plane tracking tests as a means to rank materials for outdoor HV insulators

Micro-intumescent flame retardant polyamide 6 based on cyclic phosphate grafting phenol formaldehyde

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About