The investigation of genetic polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase VI gene exon 2 and salivary parameters in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy adults

Öztürk, Leyla Koç; Ulucan, Korkut; Akyüz, Serap; Furuncuoğlu, Halit; Bayer, Hikmet; Yarat, Ayşen

doi:10.1007/s11033-011-1374-1

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Many investigators have reported that the salivary pH is lower in adults and adolescents with diabetes than it is in healthy adults and adolescents [ 34 – 36 ]. Reported differences are of sufficient magnitude to be measured by pH paper [ 37 , 38 ], and to have been proposed as a simple screening measure for detection of metabolic syndrome or diabetes [ 39 ]. Therefore, according to our model, blood hyperglycemia in patients with T2D will lead to elevated levels of salivary glucose concentration, an increased synthesis of acidic metabolites by oral acidogenic bacteria, and salivary acidification ( Fig 3 , Point 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration

Goodson¹,

Hartman²,

Shi³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundType II diabetes (T2D) has been associated with changes in oral bacterial diversity and frequency. It is not known whether these changes are part of the etiology of T2D, or one of its effects.MethodsWe measured the glucose concentration, bacterial counts, and relative frequencies of 42 bacterial species in whole saliva samples from 8,173 Kuwaiti adolescents (mean age 10.00 ± 0.67 years) using DNA probe analysis. In addition, clinical data related to obesity, dental caries, and gingivitis were collected. Data were compared between adolescents with high salivary glucose (HSG; glucose concentration ≥ 1.0 mg/d, n = 175) and those with low salivary glucose (LSG, glucose concentration < 0.1 mg/dL n = 2,537).ResultsHSG was associated with dental caries and gingivitis in the study population. The overall salivary bacterial load in saliva decreased with increasing salivary glucose concentration. Under HSG conditions, the bacterial count for 35 (83%) of 42 species was significantly reduced, and relative bacterial frequencies in 27 species (64%) were altered, as compared with LSG conditions. These alterations were stronger predictors of high salivary glucose than measures of oral disease, obesity, sleep or fitness.ConclusionsHSG was associated with a reduction in overall bacterial load and alterations to many relative bacterial frequencies in saliva when compared with LSG in samples from adolescents. We propose that hyperglycemia due to obesity and/or T2D results in HSG and subsequent acidification of the oral environment, leading to a generalized perturbation in the oral microbiome. This suggests a basis for the observation that hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of dental erosion, dental caries, and gingivitis. We conclude that HSG in adolescents may be predicted from salivary microbial diversity or frequency, and that the changes in the oral microbial composition seen in adolescents with developing metabolic disease may the consequence of hyperglycemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration

Goodson¹,

Hartman²,

Shi³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Mucins and proline-rich proteins take part in bacteria cell agglutination, including cariogenic bacteria [Darshana et al, 2014;Opal et al, 2015]. Researchers examined SNP in genes encoding salivary components -CA6 (for carbonic anhydrase 6), MUC 7 (for mucin), AQP (for aquaporin), and PRH1 (for prolinerich protein 1) [Peres et al, 2010;Yarat et al, 2011;Buczkowska-Radlińska et al, 2012;Koç Öztürk et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012b;Li et al, 2015;Yildiz et al, 2016]. The relation of the CA6 gene with the buffer capacity of saliva was observed by Yildiz et al [2016] and Peres et al [2010].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Aetiology of Caries: Systematic Literature Review

Turska‐Szybka²,

2017

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Recent progress in the field of molecular biology and techniques of DNA sequence analysis allowed determining the meaning of hereditary factors of many common human diseases. Studies of genetic mechanisms in the aetiology of caries encompass, primarily, 4 main groups of genes responsible for (1) the development of enamel, (2) formation and composition of saliva, (3) immunological responses, and (4) carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to present current knowledge about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants on the occurrence of dental caries. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers on the influence of genetic factors connected with SNP on the occurrence of dental caries in children, teenagers, and adults. Thirty original papers written in English were included in this review. Study groups ranged from 30 to 13,000 subjects. SNPs were observed in 30 genes. Results of the majority of studies confirm the participation of hereditary factors in the aetiology of caries. Three genes, AMELX, AQP5, and ESRRB, have the most promising evidence based on multiple replications and data, supporting a role of these genes in caries. The review of the literature proves that SNP is linked with the aetiology of dental caries.

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“…However, a later study including 245 children investigated the same 2 SNPs and reported that 1 SNP [rs2274327 (C/T)] was associated with a decrease in salivary buffering capacity in healthy children, but that the gene polymorphisms were not directly related to caries (Peres et al, 2010). Recently, 4 SNPs [rs2274327(C/T), rs2274328 (A/C), rs2274329 (G/C), and rs2274330 (G/C)] were studied in 43 subjects, and no correlation was found between SNPs in CA VI exon 2 and salivary buffering capacity or pH; however, a positive significant correlation was found between salivary CA activity and the frequency of SNPs in exon 2 of CA VI in diabetic groups (Koç et al, 2012). A recent study showed that individuals with the TT genotype (rs2274327) had significantly lower CA VI concentrations than individuals with genotypes CT or CC (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies (Peres et al, 2010;Padiglia et al, 2010;Koç et al, 2012) examining CA VI gene polymorphisms mainly focused on exon 2 or 3, as these polymorphisms result in changes in the amino acid sequence in the secreted protein and may interfere with enzyme function. However, the introns may be involved in the regulation of gene expression, but no studies have examined the relationship between polymorphisms in the intron regions of the CA VI gene and caries susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the introns may be involved in the regulation of gene expression, but no studies have examined the relationship between polymorphisms in the intron regions of the CA VI gene and caries susceptibility. Moreover, studies examining the association between genetic polymorphisms in CA VI genes and dental caries are rare (Padiglia et al, 2010;Koç et al, 2012). To identify potential markers for predicting the susceptibility to dental caries, we investigated the association between 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CA VI gene and dental caries in subjects from northwestern China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase VI gene and dental caries susceptibility

Zhou

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. We investigated the role of 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI gene (rs2274328, rs17032907, rs11576766, rs2274333, rs10864376, rs3765964, and rs6680186) and the possible association between these polymorphisms and dental caries susceptibility in a Northwestern Chinese population. We collected samples from 164 high caries experience and 191 very low caries experience and conducted a case-control study according to the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth index and genotyped the 7 polymorphisms using a 384-well plate format with the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Individuals carrying the rs17032907 TT genotype were more likely to have an increased risk of dental caries compared with carriers of the C/C genotype in the co-dominant model, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.144 (1. 096-4.195). We also found that the haplotype (ACA) (rs2274328, rs17032907 and rs11576766) was associated with a low number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth index with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 5987 Genetic polymorphisms and dental caries ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (2): 5986-5993 (2015) 0.635 (0.440-0.918). However, we found no association between dental caries susceptibility and the rs2274328, rs11576766, rs2274333, rs10864376, rs3765964, and rs6680186 polymorphisms and other haplotypes. The rs17032907 genetic variant and the haplotype (ACA) of CA VI may be associated with dental caries susceptibility.

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The investigation of genetic polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase VI gene exon 2 and salivary parameters in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy adults

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration

The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Aetiology of Caries: Systematic Literature Review

Genetic polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase VI gene and dental caries susceptibility

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