The interaction of the zone of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis

Oegema, Theodore R.; Carpenter, Randall J.; Hofmeister, Francine; Thompson, Roby C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19970515)37:4<324::aid-jemt7>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 220 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…9 This calcified cartilage layer allows for functional cartilage-tobone integration and enables pressurization during physiological loading, while also serving as a barrier against vascular invasion. [10][11][12] The importance of this barrier between cartilage and bone was demonstrated by Hunziker et al using a full-thickness cartilage defect model. 13 It was observed that a ''structural barrier,'' in this case a Gore-Tex Ò membrane (0.2 mm pore diameter) placed between the cartilage and bone compartments, was necessary to maintain the integrity of the newly formed cartilage, largely by limiting vascular ingrowth from the subchondral bed and preventing ectopic mineralization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Hydrogel-Mineral Composite Scaffold for Osteochondral Interface Tissue Engineering

Khanarian

Jiang

Wan

et al. 2012

Tissue Engineering Part A

109

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Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of physical disability among Americans, and tissue engineered cartilage grafts have emerged as a promising treatment option for this debilitating condition. Currently, the formation of a stable interface between the cartilage graft and subchondral bone remains a significant challenge. This study evaluates the potential of a hybrid scaffold of hydroxyapatite (HA) and alginate hydrogel for the regeneration of the osteochondral interface. Specifically, the effects of HA on the response of chondrocytes were determined, focusing on changes in matrix production and mineralization, as well as scaffold mechanical properties over time. Additionally, the optimal chondrocyte population for interface tissue engineering was evaluated. It was observed that the HA phase of the composite scaffold promoted the formation of a proteoglycan-and type II collagen-rich matrix when seeded with deep zone chondrocytes. More importantly, the elevated biosynthesis translated into significant increases in both compressive and shear moduli relative to the mineral-free control. Presence of HA also promoted chondrocyte hypertrophy and type X collagen deposition. These results demonstrate that the hydrogel-calcium phosphate composite supported the formation of a calcified cartilage-like matrix and is a promising scaffold design for osteochondral interface tissue engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Hydrogel-Mineral Composite Scaffold for Osteochondral Interface Tissue Engineering

Khanarian

Jiang

Wan

et al. 2012

Tissue Engineering Part A

109

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“…Although degeneration of articular cartilage is indeed the main feature of OA, some researchers have implicated the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in exacerbating the degeneration of cartilage [3,5,6,12,21,26]. Duplication of the tidemark often seen in the calcification front in articular cartilage is one of the characteristic histological features of OA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyapatite Maturity in the Calcified Cartilage and Underlying Subchondral Bone of Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis: Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy

Sato

Wada

Miyoshi

et al. 2004

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantity and quality of hydroxyapatite (HA) in the zone of calcified cartilage of articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIRM). We hypothesized that the amount of HA deposited in osteoarthritis (OA) might differ from normal cartilage, and that such differences might be significant in the pathology of OA. The tibial epiphysis of the male Hartley strain for the spontaneous OA model and the control Strain 13 guinea pigs (12-month old) were examined. The mineral:matrix ratio was determined by integrating areas of u1, u3 bands at 900-1200 cm -1 to Amid 1 band at 1585-1725 cm -1 . The CO 3 :PO 4 ratio was determined by integrating areas of u2 carbonate band at 850-900 cm -1 to u1, u3 bands. In Hartley strain, the mean mineral:matrix ratio of the medial side was significantly lower than the lateral side at the zone of the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone. The mean CO 3 :PO 4 ratio was significantly higher in the medial side than the lateral one at the zone of the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone. In contrast, the results obtained from Strain 13 showed no significant differences between the two sides. Our results showed diminished deposition and increased maturation of HA in Hartley strain. These findings may correlate with the pathological process of knee OA, and indicate that FTIRM is a useful tool for determining the variability of HA in OA.

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“…This observation suggests that the cartilage becomes metabolically calcified in an induced conversion of HAC into ACC, during the onset and progression of OA [11,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The deeper layer of hyaline articular cartilage (HAC) becomes articular calcified cartilage (ACC) [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Mineralization of articular cartilage to form HAC results in a loss of pliability and compression but allows for resorption by osteoclasts in the process of bone formation on the eroded surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Tidemark Line of Calcification in Osteoarthritic Cartilage Using a Stain for Alkaline Phosphatase

Black¹,

Crepeau²,

Sheffield³

et al. 2017

J Arthritis

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Inflammatory response and calcification are strongly implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Key inflammatory biomarkers present throughout the process of OA have been established but an association with calcification has not been clarified. A faint line, tidemark, exists between the subchondral bone and the articular surface in knee joints that is presumed to be the line of demarcation between calcified and uncalcified cartilage. This study shows that the tidemark is where calcification is actively occurring. Mouse knees (n=8) were stained for both Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Safranin-O/Fast Green. ALP, active during tissue calcification, was used to identify the true location of calcification. Images from both stains were overlaid for comparison of complementary tissues. The cartilage area above the tidemark was then compared to the area above the ALP line of calcification. Because the two areas proved to be nearly statistically identical, the conclusion is that the tidemark observed in the Safranin-O/Fast Green stain is indeed the line of calcification for articular cartilage. The role of calcification in OA was further examined by comparing NPP1, calcification marker, with HtrA1. We demonstrate a reciprocal correlation between HtrA1 and NPP1, suggesting a link between pathological calcification and inflammation in joints experiencing OA.

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The interaction of the zone of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis

Cited by 220 publications

References 60 publications

A Hydrogel-Mineral Composite Scaffold for Osteochondral Interface Tissue Engineering

A Hydrogel-Mineral Composite Scaffold for Osteochondral Interface Tissue Engineering

Hydroxyapatite Maturity in the Calcified Cartilage and Underlying Subchondral Bone of Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis: Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy

Identification of the Tidemark Line of Calcification in Osteoarthritic Cartilage Using a Stain for Alkaline Phosphatase

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