The Interaction of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human pathogens that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including simple gastritis, gastric ulcer, and malignant gastritis. In some cases, such as immunodeficiency and underlying diseases, it can be problematic as opportunistic infections. Diabetes mellitus (type 2) (T2DM) is one of the H. pylori underlying diseases. Since GI problems are observed in diabetic patients, it is necessary to treat H. pylori infection. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between H. pylori and T2DM according to epidemiological surveys of 70 studies retrieved from databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar about the relationship between H. pylori and T2DM, and discuss the reported background mechanisms of this correlation. According to the results of our study, the different studies have shown that H. pylori is more prevalent in Type 2 diabetic patients than healthy individuals or nondiabetic patients. The reason is development of H. pylori infection-induced inflammation and production of inflammatory cytokines as well as different hormonal imbalance by this bacterium, which are associated with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, by tracing anti-H. pylori antibodies in patients with diabetes mellitus and occurrence of symptoms such as digestive problems in >75% of these patients, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between this bacterium and T2DM. Considering the evidence, it is crucially important that the probability of infection with H. pylori is evaluated in patients with T2DM so that medical process of the patient is followed with higher cautious.

The Cancer Microbiome: Distinguishing Direct and Indirect Effects Requires a Systemic View

“…H. pylori colonization may even benefit human health because decolonization increases the risk of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and its sequelae, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus [80]. It may also protect against asthma, multiple sclerosis, and IBD [81][82][83], although it is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and some other diseases [84,85]. Therefore, the same microbe could both harm (by causing gastric cancer and some diseases) and benefit human health (by preventing other diseases and even cancers in other organs).…”

Increased Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Helicobacter pylori Infection Are Associated With the Grading of Chronic Gastritis

“…The pathogenesis of T2DM has been associated with a subclinical chronic inflammation and activation of the immune system. H. pylori infection will invariably induce chronic lowgrade inflammation with positive regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor and interleukine-6, which may affect peripheral insulin action and secretion of pancreatic β cells (32,33).…”

Doenças relacionadas à infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori

“…A Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhece o Helicobacter pylori como um carcinógeno do grupo I devido à relação causal demonstrada entre esta bactéria e o desenvolvimento do câncer gástrico 5 . Além disso, a relação entre essa bactéria e a doença de refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) tem sido alvo de debate nas últimas décadas 1 .…”