The Influence of the Microbiome on Type 1 Diabetes

Paun, Alexandra; Yau, Christopher; Danska, Jayne S.

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601519

Cited by 115 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Even though studies have shown that intestinal dysbiosis can affect gut permeability via their metabolites and play a role in T1D development, there is no evidence for the real role of intestinal microbiota in the development of autoimmunity to β ‐cells and in tissue damage in humans. Additional studies are needed to find the specific microbial ligands that signal through immune cells in the gut and might be involved in the autoreactivity to β ‐cells …”

Section: Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases

Oliveira¹,

Leite²,

Higuchi³

et al. 2017

Immunology

266

201

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SummaryIn humans, a complex interaction between the host immune system and commensal microbiota is required to maintain gut homeostasis. In this symbiotic relationship, the microbiota provides carbohydrate fermentation and digestion, vitamin synthesis and gut-associated lymphoid tissue development, as well as preventing colonization by pathobionts, whereas the host offers a niche and nutrients for the survival of the microbiota. However, when this mutualistic relationship is compromised and an altered interaction between immune cells and microorganisms occurs, the gut microbiota may cause or contribute to the establishment of infectious diseases and trigger autoimmune diseases. Researchers have made efforts to clarify the role of the microbiota in autoimmune disease development and find new therapeutic approaches to treat immune-mediated diseases. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the dysbiosis and breakdown of the gut epithelial barrier are currently unknown. Here, we provide a general overview of studies describing gut microbiota perturbations in animal models of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, we include the main studies concerning dysbiosis in humans and a critical discussion of the existing data on the use of probiotics in these autoimmune diseases.

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Section: Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases

Oliveira¹,

Leite²,

Higuchi³

et al. 2017

Immunology

266

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Previous studies have established a correlation between seroconversion and chronic inflammation resulting from impaired gut barrier function and increased intestinal permeability, which is suggested as a hallmark of T1D (Vaarala et al, 2008). Given the overarching influence of gut bacteria on human health, including intestinal permeability and its regulatory role in autoimmunity, the role of the microbiota in T1D development has been recently explored (Knip and Siljander, 2016; Kostic et al, 2016; Paun et al, 2017). The microbiota of the human intestinal tract is comprised of bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotic and bacterial viruses (bacteriophages).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 Diabetes: an Association Between Autoimmunity the Dynamics of Gut Amyloid-producing E. coli and Their Phages

Tetz¹,

Brown

Hao

et al. 2018

Preprint

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18The etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a common autoimmune disorder, is not 19 completely understood. Recent studies suggested the gut microbiome plays a role in T1D. We 20 have used public longitudinal microbiome data from T1D patients to analyze amyloid-21 producing bacterial composition and found a significant association between initially high 22 amyloid-producing Escherichia coli abundance, subsequent E. coli depletion prior to 23 seroconversion, and T1D development. In children who presented seroconversion or developed 24 T1D, we observed an increase in the E. coli phage/E. coli ratio prior to E. coli depletion, 25 suggesting that the decrease in E. coli was due to prophage activation. Evaluation of the role of 26 phages in amyloid release from E. coli biofilms in vitro suggested an indirect role of the 27 bacterial phages in the modulation of host immunity. 28 This study for the first time suggests that amyloid-producing E. coli, their phages, and bacteria-29 derived amyloid might be involved in pro-diabetic pathway activation in children at risk for 30 T1D.31 32

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“…7 Moreover, many metabolic syndrome diseases are now recognized as having an inflammatory component attributable to Western lifestyle, including fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and type 1 and 2 diabetes. [12][13][14][15]16…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrition‐gut microbiome‐physiology axis and allergic diseases

McKenzie

Tan

Macia

et al. 2017

Immunological Reviews

236

202

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Dietary and bacterial metabolites influence immune responses. This raises the question whether the increased incidence of allergies, asthma, some autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, and others might relate to intake of unhealthy foods, and the decreased intake of dietary fiber. In recent years, new knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underpinning a 'diet-gut microbiota-physiology axis' has emerged to substantiate this idea. Fiber is fermented to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. These metabolites bind 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein-coupled receptors such as GPR43, GPR41, and GPR109A. These receptors play fundamental roles in the promotion of gut homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory responses. For instance, these receptors and their metabolites influence Treg biology, epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, DC biology, and IgA antibody responses. The SCFAs also influence gene transcription in many cells and tissues, through their inhibition of histone deacetylase expression or function. Contained in this mix is the gut microbiome, as commensal bacteria in the gut have the necessary enzymes to digest dietary fiber to SCFAs, and dysbiosis in the gut may affect the production of SCFAs and their distribution to tissues throughout the body. SCFAs can epigenetically modify DNA, and so may be one mechanism to account for diseases with a 'developmental origin', whereby in utero or post-natal exposure to environmental factors (such as nutrition of the mother) may account for disease later in life. If the nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis does underpin at least some of the Western lifestyle influence on asthma and allergies, then there is tremendous scope to correct this with healthy foodstuffs, probiotics, and prebiotics.

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The Influence of the Microbiome on Type 1 Diabetes

Cited by 115 publications

References 59 publications

Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases

Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases

Type 1 Diabetes: an Association Between Autoimmunity the Dynamics of Gut Amyloid-producing E. coli and Their Phages

The nutrition‐gut microbiome‐physiology axis and allergic diseases

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